Related Papers
Defence Studies
Swedish–Finnish naval cooperation in the Baltic Sea: motives, prospects and challenges
2016 •
Stefan Lundqvist
“International Law and Geographical Representations: The Russian Stance on Territorial Conflicts in the Arctic,” in L. Salmela, ed., Nordic Cooperation and the Far North (Helsinki: National Defence University, 2011), 15-36.
Marlene Laruelle
ICDS
To the Seas Again: Maritime Defence and Deterrence in the Baltic Region
2019 •
William "Bill" Combes
Authors: Lange, Heinrich; Combes, Bill; Jermalavičius, Tomas; Lawrence, Tony As part of its renewed focus on collective defence and deterrence, NATO is re-engaging with the maritime domain and navies are seeing greater levels of interest and investment. The states that surround the Baltic Sea have also begun to respond to new and rediscovered challenges to their maritime security, but more could be done individually and collectively. In the period following the Cold War, as NATO and its partners engaged in crisis response operations, the focus on land and air forces led to the side-lining of maritime roles and a tendency to neglect the maritime domain—a situation that has come to be known as ‘sea blindness’. NATO’s post-Crimea defence and deterrence agenda has brought renewed focus to the maritime domain and a recognition of the need to refresh partly forgotten naval skills and concepts. In response, for example, NATO’s 2018 collective defence exercise Trident Juncture included a major naval component. But more remains to be done, including in the Baltic region where the risk of maritime hybrid actions and the need to plan for wartime scenarios unlike those of the Cold War present a new set of challenges to local and other NATO navies. These challenges are perhaps best addressed through a cooperative regional approach. Our report, written in cooperation with our research partner, the Baltic Defence College, studies some of the issues related to maritime defence and deterrence in our region and makes recommendations for NATO and for the states that surround the Baltic Sea.
Military Exercise: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact Chapter 3 "Do Wargames Impact Deterrence? "Jeffrey Appleget, Jeffrey Kline and James J. Wirtz
James J Wirtz, Jeffrey Kline
Use of Wargames to signal opponents to strengthen deterrence and to communicate messages to opponents. Role of War games in Denial and Deception
Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies
Swedish Coastal Defence Over Four Centuries: War as a Changing Institution of International Society
2022 •
Charlotta Friedner Parrat
This is an article on Swedish coastal defence over four centuries. It seeks to understand the changes in Swedish naval policy over time by exploring how the understanding of the nature of war visible in defence planning varies over time, due to both changing norms and changes in harder factors, such as geography, resources and adversaries' capabilities. Its primary aim is to account for the development of Sweden's naval capacities from the mid-seventeenth century onwards. For this, the article draws on sea power concepts. Its secondary aim is to explore the development of war as an institution of international society by studying only one-albeit historically very central-aspect of one state's warring capacity over time, namely its navy.
Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives
Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives
2021 •
Olevs Nikers
The report “Baltic Sea Security: Regional and Sectoral Perspectives” invites to a complex discussion of the security issues in the Baltic region that are as important to the involved nations as it is for the Transatlantic and European cohesion. The countries in the same region answer similar security concerns using differing designs, keeping the Baltic strategic situation a challenging puzzle for the future. The Baltic Sea Security Initiative joined security experts from around the world and sought to establish the current key concerns of regional security. In 2019 and 2020, scholars Olevs Nikers and Otto Tabuns challenged Baltic experts and security professionals to provide an in-depth analysis of the current volume of defense and security cooperation with regard to (1) military cooperation and interoperability in maritime and air defense, (2) societal resilience in resisting information warfare and other hybrid threats, (3) a joint approach to dealing with economic, financial and critical infrastructure threats. Beyond the different national perspectives and consecutive international arrangements, the work of the experts indicate the significant regional and sectoral issues that overstep the boundaries of national policy and the current limits of mandates given to international organizations such as NATO and EU. The long-term strategic coordination between all Baltic partnering nations must be on the minds of all regional security and defense stakeholders. This report is intended to aid in this endeavor as a valuable resource for policy makers, professionals and scholars. [Short bios] Olevs Nikers is the president of the Baltic Security Foundation and a senior analyst for the Jamestown Foundation. He has worked with defense and security policy for 20 years and is a graduate of Texas A&M University, The Bush School of Government and Public Service. Otto Tabuns is the director of the Baltic Security Foundation. He teaches international security at the Riga Graduate School of Law and co-hosts the "Latvia Weekly" news show.
The Challenges and Dynamics of Alliance Policies: Norway, NATO and the High North
Wrenn Yennie Lindgren, Nina Græger
This chapter sets out to discuss two major framework conditions for Norwegian foreign, security and defence policy: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the High North. Having to address increasingly heterogeneous security concerns and agendas, how do alliances shape their members’ foreign, security and defence policies? And how do the specific challenges related to the High North, such as Russia and other states’ policy agendas, form Norwegian responses and policies? In answering these questions, we aim to explore the framework conditions in a contemporary and historical context.
Studia Europejskie- Studies in European Affairs
A Convincing Finnish Move: Implications for State Identity of Persuading Sweden to Jointly Bid for NATO Membership
2022 •
Studia Europejskie, Stefan Lundqvist
This article examines the consequences for Sweden's state identity by the decision of Finland and Sweden to apply for membership in NATO. Taking its starting point in Sweden's shattering loss of its easternmost provinces in the 1809 Treaty of Fredrikshamn, it explores Sweden's initial formulations of a policy of neutrality and its evolution until the end of the Cold War. The article then directs attention to how Social Democratic leaders managed to institutionalise a Swedish "active foreign policy", exerting a lasting, formative infl uence on Sweden's state identity. It also addresses the rapprochement of Finland and Sweden after the end of the Cold War and the consequences of the bilateral dynamics that characterised their EU-membership applications. The article critically discusses how Sweden reformulated its concept of neutrality into a nebulous concept of nonalignment and adopted a security policy rooted in a cooperative security approach. Based on key fi ndings drawn from this historical account, this article addresses the processes that lead to Finland and Sweden unexpectedly deciding on jointly applying for NATO membership. It concludes with a forward-looking assessment of how a Swedish NATO membership will ultimately stabilise Sweden's adaptable state identity and its implications for the Nordic countries' regional military strategy.
Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives
NATO and Baltic Security
2021 •
Zdzislaw Sliwa
Published in: Olevs Nickers and Otto Tabuns (eds); Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives, The Jamestown Foundation, Washington D.C. 2021
Global Allies_Norway NATO and the High North.pdf
Nina Græger, Wrenn Yennie Lindgren
The book chapter, which is part of an edited volume on global allies and alliances, discusses two major framework conditions for Norwegian foreign, security and defence policy: NATO and the High North. Having to address increasingly heterogeneous security concerns and agendas, how do alliances shape their members’ foreign, security and defence policies? And how do the specific challenges related to the High North, such as Russia and other states’ policy agendas, form Norwegian responses and policies? In answering these questions, we aim to explore the framework conditions in a contemporary and historical context. Apart from contributing to the literature on Norway and NATO, the chapter endeavours to add value to the general understanding of small states’ foreign and security policy enablers and constraints.
