7358:
7366:
1402:
1568:
62:
3062:
121:
3551:
1967:
3080:, commonly known as "electorates" or "seats", allocated to states on the basis of population, with each of the current states guaranteed a minimum of five seats. The lower house has a maximum term of three years, but this is not fixed and governments usually dissolve the house early for an election at some point in the 6 months before the maximum. Elections for both chambers are generally held simultaneously with senators having overlapping six-year terms except for those from the territories, whose terms are not fixed but are tied to the electoral cycle for the lower house. Thus only 40 of the 76 places in the Senate are put to each election unless the cycle is interrupted by a5128:
4954:
3780:
4595:
5810:
19593:
2169:
3186:
2906:
5198:
21297:
2317:
2671:
3422:
2868:
5535:
3330:
76:
17604:
1748:
22646:
2708:. Australia has at least 755 species of reptile, more than any other country in the world. Besides Antarctica, Australia is the only continent that developed without feline species. Feral cats may have been introduced in the 17th century by Dutch shipwrecks, and later in the 18th century by European settlers. They are now considered a major factor in the decline and extinction of many vulnerable and endangered native species. Seafaring immigrants from Asia are believed to have brought the2556:
1285:
700:
17608:
559:
540:
20003:
5450:
5967:
5283:
5953:
2887:
19924:
2240:
19993:
725:
677:
658:
625:
606:
5183:
International education therefore represents one of the country's largest exports and has a pronounced influence on the country's demographics, with a significant proportion of international students remaining in Australia after graduation on various skill and employment visas. Education is Australia's third-largest export, after iron ore and coal, and contributed over $ 28 billion to the economy in 2016–17.
2410:
5693:
1852:
3967:(1.2%) and others (1.7%). Total consumption of energy in this period was sourced from coal (28.4%), oil (37.3%), gas (27.4%) and renewables (7%). From 2012 to 2022, the energy sourced from renewables has increased 5.7%, whilst energy sourced from coal has decreased 2.6%. The use of gas also increased by 1.5% and the use of oil stayed relatively stable with a reduction of only 0.2%.5175:, and many trades conduct apprenticeships for training new tradespeople. About 58% of Australians aged from 25 to 64 have vocational or tertiary qualifications and the tertiary graduation rate of 49% is the highest among OECD countries. 30.9% of Australia's population has attained a higher education qualification, which is among the highest percentages in the world.17685:
6607:
3359:, which encompasses strong defence, security and trade ties. In the Indo-Pacific, the country seeks to increase its trade ties through the open flow of trade and capital, whilst managing the rise of Chinese power by supporting the existing rules based order. Regionally, the country is a member of the3111:
for all enrolled citizens 18 years and over in every jurisdiction. The party with majority support in the House of Representatives forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. In cases where no party has majority support, the governor-general has the constitutional power to appoint the
8125:
Malaspinas, A. S., Westaway, M. C., Muller, C., Sousa, V. C., Lao, O., Alves, I., Bergström, A., Athanasiadis, G., Cheng, J. Y., Crawford, J. E., Heupink, T. H., Macholdt, E., Peischl, S., Rasmussen, S., Schiffels, S., Subramanian, S., Wright, J. L., Albrechtsen, A., Barbieri, C., Dupanloup, I., et
6991:
Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; Smith, Mike; Roberts, Richard G.; Hayes, Elspeth; Lowe, Kelsey; Carah, Xavier; Florin, S. Anna; McNeil, Jessica; Cox, Delyth; Arnold, Lee J.; Hua, Quan; Huntley, Jillian; Brand, Helen E. A.; Manne, Tiina; Fairbairn,
5153:
developed by the Commonwealth has been implemented by the states and territories. Attendance rules vary between states, but in general children are required to attend school from the age of about 5 until about 16. In some states (Western Australia, Northern Territory and New South Wales), children
4918:
are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact. The National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) for 2018–19 found that more than 120 Indigenous language varieties were in use or being revived, although 70 of those in use were endangered. The 2021 census found that 167 Indigenous
5170:
Australia has 37 government-funded universities and three private universities, as well as a number of other specialist institutions that provide approved courses at the higher education level. The OECD places Australia among the most expensive nations to attend university. There is a state-based
5166:
Australia has an adult literacy rate that was estimated to be 99% in 2003. However, a 2011–2012 report for the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that 44% of the population does not have high literary and numeracy competence levels, interpreted by others as suggesting that they do not have the
3228:
The states have the general power to make laws except in the few areas where the constitution grants the Commonwealth exclusive powers. The Commonwealth can only make laws on topics listed in the constitution but its laws prevail over those of the states to the extent of any inconsistency. Since
1364:
The Torres Strait Islander people first settled their islands around 4,000 years ago. Culturally and linguistically distinct from mainland Aboriginal peoples, they were seafarers and obtained their livelihood from seasonal horticulture and the resources of their reefs and seas. Agriculture also
6030:
Sydney is the largest city based on Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs). These represent labour markets and the functional area of Australian capital cities. Melbourne is larger based on ABS Significant Urban Areas (SUAs). These represent Urban
2235:
is 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometre, although the large majority of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern coastline. The population density exceeds 19,500 inhabitants per square kilometre in central Melbourne. In 2021 Australia had 10% of the global permanent meadows and
5182:
per head of population in the world by a large margin, with 812,000 international students enrolled in the nation's universities and vocational institutions in 2019. Accordingly, in 2019, international students represented on average 26.7% of the student bodies of Australian universities.
3147:(federal parliamentarians sit in either the Liberal or National partyroom however); in coalition in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia; and in competition with the Liberals in South Australia and Tasmania. Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered9186:
moved north to Port Jackson on 26 January 1788, landing at Camp Cove, known as 'cadi' to the Cadigal people. Governor Phillip carried instructions to establish the first British Colony in Australia. The First Fleet was underprepared for the task, and the soil around Sydney Cove was
3075:
In the Senate (the upper house), there are 76 senators: twelve each from the states and two each from the mainland territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The House of Representatives (the lower house) has 151 members elected from single-member
1154:), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. Several 16th-century cartographers used the word Australia on maps, but not to identify modern Australia. When Europeans began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name18616:
2421:, the mainland of Australia is the lowest and most primordial landmass on Earth with a relatively stable geological history. The landmass includes virtually all known rock types and from all geological time periods spanning over 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history. The4681:
nations. In 2022–23, 212,789 permanent migrants were admitted to Australia, with a net migration population gain of 518,000 people inclusive of non-permanent residents. Most entered on skilled visas, however the immigration program also offers visas for family members and
6595:
8339:
4088:
Australia is also highly urbanised, with 67% of the population living in the Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (metropolitan areas of the state and mainland territorial capital cities) in 2018. Metropolitan areas with more than one million inhabitants are
2289:, which runs parallel to the coast of Queensland, New South Wales and much of Victoria. The name is not strictly accurate, because parts of the range consist of low hills, and the highlands are typically no more than 1,600m (5,200ft) in height. The109:
11293:
108:
107:
5670:, behind New Zealand (8th) but ahead of the United Kingdom (33rd) and United States (44th). This relatively low ranking is primarily because of the limited diversity of commercial media ownership in Australia; most print media are under the control of5162:
evaluations, Australian 15-year-olds ranked ninth in the OECD for reading and science and tenth for maths. However, less than 60% of Australian students achieved the National Proficiency Standard – 51% in maths, 58% in science and 57% in reading.
2696:. Fungi typify that diversity—an estimated 250,000 species—of which only 5% have been described—occur in Australia. Because of the continent's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's2578:, and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia. These factors cause rainfall to vary markedly from year to year. Much of the northern part of the country has a tropical, predominantly summer-rainfall (3607:. In 2021, it had 84,865 currently serving personnel (including 60,286 regulars and 24,581 reservists). The Department of Defence is the civilian wing and is headed by the secretary of defence. These two leaders collective manage Defence as a19001:
8648:
2227:. Australia's size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and desert in the centre. The desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the4121:
3050:: powers exercisable in the absence or contrary to ministerial advice. When these powers may be exercised is governed by convention and their precise scope is unclear. The most notable exercise of these powers was the dismissal of the16587:
The use of English in Australia is one example of both a de facto national and official language: it is widely used and is the language of government and the courts, but has never been legally designated as the country's official
8767:
13388:
2084:
in 1973, Australia's demography and culture transformed as a result of a large and ongoing wave of non-European immigration, mostly from Asia. The late 20th century also saw an increasing focus on foreign policy ties with other
8617:
5650:), three commercial television networks, several pay-TV services, and numerous public, non-profit television and radio stations. Each major city has at least one daily newspaper, and there are two national daily newspapers,13229:
16601:
14827:
8331:
7240:
13840:
6992:
Andrew; Shulmeister, James; Lyle, Lindsey; Salinas, Makiah; Page, Mara; Connell, Kate; Park, Gayoung; Norman, Kasih; Murphy, Tessa; Pardoe, Colin (2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago".
5149:, is compulsory throughout Australia. Education is primarily the responsibility of the individual states and territories, however the Commonwealth has significant influence through funding agreements. Since 2014, a10476:
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106:
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agreement. The most favourably viewed countries by the Australian people in 2021 include New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Taiwan, Thailand, the United States and South Korea. It also maintains an
2528:
of western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. Volcanism also occurs in the island of New Guinea (considered geologically as part of the Australian continent), and in the Australian external territory of
16431:
11289:
4981:
from making any law to establish any religion, impose any religious observance, or prohibit the free exercise of any religion. However, the states still retain the power to pass religiously discriminatory laws.
2643:
regularly follows extended periods of drought, flushing out inland river systems, overflowing dams and inundating large inland flood plains, as occurred throughout Eastern Australia in the early 2010s after the
5252:", which is said to encompass the equality of opportunity for all and compassion for those in need. What these values mean, and whether or not Australians uphold them, has been debated since before Federation.16379:
8140:
13708:
6947:
13123:
18500:
16409:
17589:
6439:
4674:
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1420:
The Dutch are the first Europeans that recorded sighting and making landfall on the Australian mainland. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the
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19914:
19904:
8640:
8498:
13153:
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Tacon, Paul S. C.; Ouzman, Sven (2004). "Worlds within stone: the inner and outer rock-art landscapes of northern Australia and southern Africa". In Nash, George; Chippindale, Christopher (ed.).
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3009:, led by the prime minister (the leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the House of Representatives) and other ministers they have chosen; formally appointed by the governor-general12290:
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Fund, Leith van OnselenLeith van Onselen is Chief Economist at the MB; Treasury, MB Super Leith has previously worked at the Australian; Treasury, Victorian; Sachs, Goldman (31 October 2019).
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km, with a range in thickness from 24km to 59km. Australia's geology can be divided into several main sections, showcasing that the continent grew from west to east: the Archaean
11263:
4009:, Australia's national science agency, contributes 10% of all research in the country, while the rest is carried out by universities. Its most notable contributions include the invention of3532:
made with without prior Cabinet approval. Similarly, the Parliament does not play a formal role in foreign policy and the power to declare war lies solely with the executive government. The
3039:
3458:
13207:
9689:
5340:—the first "distinctively Australian" movement in Western art—gave expression to nationalist sentiments in the lead-up to Federation. While the school remained influential into the 1900s,2639:
are frequently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages due to urban population increases and localised drought. Throughout much of the continent,
104:
17274:
12237:
3486:
8759:
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In common with many other developed countries, Australia is experiencing a demographic shift towards an older population, with more retirees and fewer people of working age. In 2021 the
3876:
are among the highest in the world, especially in the large urban areas. The large service sector accounts for about 71.2% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (25.3%), while
14119:
13979:
13380:
8609:
8308:
6704:
14630:
6145:
Includes those who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial
19912:
19902:
11488:
Seabrooka, Leonie; McAlpinea, Clive; Fenshamb, Rod (2006). "Cattle, crops and clearing: Regional drivers of landscape change in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia, 1840–2004".
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to Australia sometime after the end of the last ice age—perhaps 4000 years ago—and Aboriginal people helped disperse them across the continent as pets, contributing to the demise of
22626:
16994:
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1318:
and short sea crossings from what is now Southeast Asia. It is uncertain how many waves of immigration may have contributed to these ancestors of modern Aboriginal Australians. The
18620:
7504:
20658:
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Skinner, James; Zakus H., Dwight; Edwards, Allan (2013). "Coming in from the Margins: Ethnicity, Community Support and the Rebranding of Australian Soccer". In Adam, Brown (ed.).
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11118:"Being surrounded by ocean, Australia often is referred to as an island continent. As a continental landmass it is significantly larger than the many thousands of fringing islands5248:
as including: a respect for the freedom of the individual; recognition of the rule of law; opposition to racial, gender and religious discrimination; and an understanding of the "
2335:—with their tropical climate—include forest, woodland, wetland, grassland, rainforest and desert. At the north-west corner of the continent are the sandstone cliffs and gorges of19106:
16729:
13423:
13221:
6566:
6199:
Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
16608:
16306:
15845:
14820:
4701:
and the responses are classified into broad ancestry groups. At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestry groups as a proportion of the total population were: 57.2%
11925:
Geology and tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Bryah, Padbury and Yerrida basins, Western Australia: implications for the history of the south-central Capricorn orogen
7432:
4005:
With only 0.3% of the world's population, Australia contributed 4.1% of the world's published research in 2020, making it one of the top 10 research contributors in the world.
21069:
12875:
12381:
10663:
8515:
7236:
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exceeds 13.6% of the population, encompassing 3.2million. It also estimated that there were 774,000 (17.7%) children under the age of 15 living in relative poverty. The
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13832:
9169:
7336:
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by a wide margin, accounting for roughly 40% of the country's exports and 17.6% of its imports. Other major export markets include Japan, the United States, and South Korea.
1541:
The indigenous population declined for 150 years following European settlement, mainly due to infectious disease. British colonial authorities did not sign any treaties with
21078:
13763:
12979:
105:
18643:
16444:
2448:, with the separation of the continental landmass from the African continent and Indian subcontinent. It separated from Antarctica over a prolonged period beginning in the8671:
3619:, however actual command is vested in the chief of the Defence Force. The executive branch of the Commonwealth government has overall control of the military through the2231:
makes up by far the largest portion of land. Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500mm. The
930:. They settled on the continent and formed approximately 250 distinct language groups by the time of European settlement, maintaining some of the longest known continuing14686:
13652:
13100:
14142:
13893:. "When a law of a State is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall prevail, and the former shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be invalid."12571:
2113:
1941:
1526:, convicts tended to integrate into colonial society. Martial law was declared to suppress convict rebellions and uprisings, and lasted for two years following the 180816423:
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The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
5244:, which is often characterised as dry, irreverent and ironic. New citizens and visa holders are required to commit to "Australian values", which are identified by the3654:. In 2024, the ADF had active operations in the Middle-East and the Indo-Pacific (including security and aid provisions), was contributing to UN forces in relation to2005:
19647:Flood, Josephine (2019). The Original Australians: The Story of the Aboriginal People (2nded.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin. ISBN9781760527075.15985:
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series became international blockbusters. In a film market flooded with foreign content, Australian films delivered a 7.7% share of the local box office in 2015. The
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19903:
18388:
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8137:
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6190:. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.3994:
for the Tech Council shows that the Australian tech sector combined contributes $ 167 billion a year to the economy and employs 861,000 people. In addition, recent
18360:
17440:
17222:
15465:"United Nations Development Programme, The 2021/2022 Human Development Report: Uncertain times, unsettled lives, Shaping our future in a transforming world (p 272)"13700:
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9052:
9013:
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1977:
In the decades following World War II, Australia enjoyed significant increases in living standards, leisure time and suburban development. Governments encouraged a
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2193:
573:
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set by the Commonwealth government in 2009 of 20% renewable energy by 2020. A new target of 82% percent renewable energy by 2030 was set in 2022 and a target for
3042:
of the Constitution and convention act on the advice of their ministers. Thus, in practice the governor-general acts as a legal figurehead for the actions of the
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The most popular sports in Australia by adult participation are: swimming, athletics, cycling, soccer, golf, tennis, basketball, surfing, netball and cricket.
1654:
culminated in its abolition in the eastern colonies by the 1850s. Initially a free colony, Western Australia practised penal transportation from 1850 to 1868.
17410:
16482:
16401:
11159:
10289:
8922:
7305:
7098:"Identifying disturbance in archaeological sites in tropical northern Australia: Implications for previously proposed 65,000-year continental occupation date"1530:, the only successful armed takeover of government in Australia. Over the next two decades, social and economic reforms, together with the establishment of a23867:
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7684:
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prime minister and, if necessary, dismiss one that has lost the confidence of Parliament. Due to the relatively unique position of Australia operating as a
1333:
Aboriginal Australian culture is one of the oldest continuous cultures on Earth. At the time of first European contact, Aboriginal Australians were complex
22031:
20675:
16936:
15105:
14415:
12452:
11438:
10444:
3241:
3077:
2117:
2009:
16553:"English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language."10697:
8495:
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2120:
from 2003 to 2009. The nation's trade relations also became increasingly oriented towards East Asia in the 21st century, with China becoming the nation's
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18734:
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14288:
13145:
12949:
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2781:, fungal and plant species. All these factors have led to Australia's having the highest mammal extinction rate of any country in the world. The federal1773:
1213:
agreed that the continent should be known officially by that name. The first official published use of the new name came with the publication in 1830 of
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4880:
is a major variety of the language with a distinctive accent and lexicon, and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling.
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13998:
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is the largest preventable cause of death and disease, responsible for 7.8% of the total mortality and disease. Ranked second in preventable causes is
3500:
Australia maintains a deeply integrated relationship with neighbouring New Zealand, with free mobility of citizens between the two countries under the
3478:
3116:
parliamentary democracy with a powerful and elected upper house, the system has sometimes been referred to as having a "Washminster mutation", or as a
1341:. Estimates of the Aboriginal population before British settlement range from 300,000 to one million. Aboriginal Australians have an oral culture with18824:
14855:
13357:
10445:"Immigration to Australia During the 20th Century – Historical Impacts on Immigration Intake, Population Size and Population Composition – A Timeline"10057:
7462:
18543:
18482:
17197:
13533:
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4939:) were among the most widely spoken. NILS and the Australian Bureau of Statistics use different classifications for Indigenous Australian languages.3889:
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3402:
intelligence alliance with the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand; the ANZUS alliance with the United States and New Zealand; the
2121:
1742:
11109:
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financial assets per capita. Australia has a labour force of some 13.5 million, with an unemployment rate of 3.5% as of June 2022. According to the
2039:, the federal government gained the power to legislate with regard to Indigenous Australians, and Indigenous Australians were fully included in the23631:
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22612:
14851:
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10892:
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At the 2021 census, English was the only language spoken in the home for 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home were
4742:
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544:
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Evans, Megan C.; Watson, James E. M.; Fuller, Richard A.; Venter, Oscar; Bennett, Simon C.; Marsack, Peter R.; Possingham, Hugh P. (April 2011).
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restricted further migration from these areas. However, this policy was relaxed following WW2 and in the decades following, Australia received a
2136:
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Blainey, Geoffrey (2015). The Story of Australia's People, Volume 1: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Australia, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic.
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severed the remaining constitutional ties between Australia and the United Kingdom while maintaining the monarch in her independent capacity as
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2013:
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7703:"A note on 'Austrialia' or 'Australia' Rupert Gerritsen – Journal of The Australian and New Zealand Map Society Inc. The Globe Number 72, 20136637:
1809:
formally ended the ability of the UK to pass laws with effect at the Commonwealth level in Australia without the country's consent. Australia
1193:, who said it was "more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the Earth". The first time that21620:
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for the House of Representatives and all state and territory lower house elections (with the exception of Tasmania and the ACT which use the
1610:
west of Sydney, opening the interior to European settlement. The British claim extended to the whole Australian continent in 1827 when Major
1401:
681:
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The Pacific Basin since 1945: A history of the foreign relations of the Asian, Australasian, and American rim states and the Pacific islands
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were recruited, kidnapped, tricked or coerced by colonists into becoming indentured labourers (mainly in Queensland) in a practice known as
1314:
people. Human habitation of the Australian continent is estimated to have begun 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, with the migration of people by
962:
in 1901, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. This continued a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the
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Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012) "Old, flat and red – Australia's distinctive landscape" In:
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ranked Australia seventh-highest in the world out of 117 countries. Its international tourism receipts in 2019 amounted to $ 45.7 billion.
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monopolised the industry, and by the 1960s Australian film production had effectively ceased. With the benefit of government support, the
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lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland and shrubland. These include the
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has also been influential. The evolution of Australian culture since British colonisation has given rise to distinctive cultural traits.
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and the country has signed up to a wide range of international rights treaties. Important documents protecting human rights include the
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from the mainland. Then between about 8,000 and 6,500 BC, the lowlands in the north were flooded by the sea, separating New Guinea, the
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16314:
14894:
13324:
8949:"Aboriginal-Makassan interactions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in northern Australia and contemporary sea rights claims"8948:
7424:
5493:
achieved international recognition. Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the Australian government's
5469:
In the performing arts, Aboriginal peoples have traditions of religious and secular song, dance and rhythmic music often performed in
5078:
at 7.6%, with obesity third at 7.5%. Australia ranked 35th in the world in 2012 for its proportion of obese women and near the top of
1813:
in 1942, but it was backdated to 1939 to confirm the validity of legislation passed by the Australian Parliament during World War II.
155:
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4195:
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2254:, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the north-east coast and extends for over 2,000km (1,200mi).2036:
1014:
994:
629:
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9871:
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3155:. Independent members and several minor parties have achieved representation in Australian parliaments, mostly in upper houses. The2135:
for extended periods and free movement across the national and state borders was restricted in an attempt to slow the spread of the
1878:. Of about 416,000 who served, about 60,000 were killed and another 152,000 were wounded. Many Australians regard the defeat of the1017:
globally. Its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to the country's economy. It
23621:
21098:
10131:
8842:
Veth, Peter; O'Connor, Sue (2013). "The past 50,000 years: an archaeological view". In Bashford, Alison; MacIntyre, Stuart (eds.).
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7141:
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Veth, Peter; O'Connor, Sue (2013). "The past 50,000 years: an archaeological view". In Bashford, Alison; MacIntyre, Stuart (eds.).
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3482:
3474:
3333:
1810:
964:
467:
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18711:
16042:
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8641:"Aboriginal people have spent centuries building in the Darling River. Now there are plans to demolish these important structures"5133:
5052:. The Dreaming established the laws and structures of society and the ceremonies performed to ensure continuity of life and land.1464:
in 1629, marooned for mutiny and murder, thus becoming the first Europeans to permanently inhabit the continent. In 1770, Captain
15442:
13172:
12901:
11957:
Gray, DR; Foster, DA (2004). "Tectonic review of the Lachlan Orogen: historical review, data synthesis and modern perspectives".
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1961:
1651:
16658:"Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021, TABLE 5. LANGUAGE USED AT HOME BY STATE AND TERRITORY"16193:
6762:
Korsch RJ.; etal. (2011). "Australian island arcs through time: Geodynamic implications for the Archean and Proterozoic".
6081:, a corruption of the original Spanish name "Austrialia del Espíritu Santo" (Southern Land of the Holy Spirit) for an island in1455:
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Australia has the highest ratio of international students per capita in the world, with Melbourne ranking fifth among the 2023
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becoming official policy. Subsequently, there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with
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are present. If not played alongside the royal anthem, the national anthem is instead played at the end of an official event.
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3655:
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1945:
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The Story of Australia's People, Volume 1: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Australia, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic., 2015
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was transferred from the control of South Australia to the Commonwealth in 1911. Australia became the colonial ruler of the
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12175:
Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis; Wood, Eric F. (30 October 2018).
11149:"Mainland Australia, with an area of 7.69 million square kilometres, is the Earth's largest island but smallest continent".6666:
6170:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial
5738:
5067:
4137:
3861:
3831:
3140:
3139:. At the state level of government, the relationship between the Nationals and the Liberal Party differs, with the parties2290:
2201:
2196:, Australia—owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed the "island continent" and is sometimes considered the world's2025:
1948:
as Australia's principal ally and security partner. Since 1951, Australia has been allied with the United States under the
1728:
1562:
1558:
1396:
950:. By the mid-19th century, most of the continent had been explored by European settlers and five additional self-governing23036:
18718:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 22 November 2007. Archived from18385:
18007:
17093:
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5756:
dishes. Italians introduced espresso coffee and, along with Greeks, helped develop Australia's café culture, of which the
3724:
has been legal in the nation since 2017. Unlike other comparable western democracies, Australia does not a single federal
2355:
savannas, forming a transition between the coastal savannas and the interior deserts. At the heart of the country are the
21939:
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21002:
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20841:
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20095:
18454:
18364:
17905:
17226:
17171:
16214:
9909:
9172:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 11 January 2008. Archived from8748:
Gammage, Bill (October 2011). The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines made Australia. Allen & Unwin. pp. 281–304.
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between 1855 and 1890, thus becoming elective democracies managing most of their own affairs while remaining part of the
1603:
1531:
1018:
986:
410:
19241:, Table 3, Kirin Research Institute of Drinking and Lifestyle – Report Vol. 29–15 December 2005, Kirin Holdings Company.18960:
17663:
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16336:
15846:"Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2019–20 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics"15705:
15078:
14970:
9764:
8760:"Colonists upended Aboriginal farming, growing grain and running sheep on rich yamfields, and cattle on arid grainlands"6214:
The area of the Australia with outlying islands. Mainland Australia (including Tasmania) is 7,688,287 square kilometres.
3248:
in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The lower houses are known as the
3159:
are the third largest party by both vote and and membership and the fourth largest by parliamentary representation. The
2813:. There are more than 1,800 animals and plants on Australia's threatened species list, including more than 500 animals.2571:
21093:
21009:
20140:
20120:
19738:
18572:
17879:
16362:
16175:
13009:
12114:
8610:"Before the colonists came, we burned small and burned often to avoid big fires. It's time to relearn cultural burning"7877:
7702:
7629:
6731:
5752:
Post-war migrants transformed Australian cuisine, bringing with them their culinary traditions and contributing to new
5462:
4753:. At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were:3807:
3740:
3710:
3273:
3035:
2255:
2017:
1218:
907:
in the world. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a
662:
19184:
14050:
12429:
12352:
12050:
Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic
11317:
World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
10704:. Commonwealth of Australia: National Communications Branch, Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived from9976:
6128:(IHO). In 2000, a vote of IHO member nations defined the term "Southern Ocean" as applying only to the waters between23877:
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20551:
20452:
20352:
20272:
20206:
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7953:
4643:
4033:
3584:
3446:
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2980:
2798:
2530:
2271:
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1978:
1970:
1845:
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1202:
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946:
of most of the coastline in the 17th-century. British colonisation began in 1788 with the establishment of the penal
18131:
17951:"Language, Culture, and Group Membership: An Investigation Into the Social Effects of Colloquial Australian English"15489:
15049:
11434:
9565:
9328:
8869:"The view from Marege': Australian knowledge of Makassar and the impact of the trepangindustry across two centuries"6862:
3550:
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in the Australian mainland and Tasmania is also low, with the greatest number of fatalities having occurred in the
2534:
2344:
1918:
1607:
1535:
16643:
16540:
14159:
11068:, and Australia, from largest to smallest — although sometimes Europe and Asia are considered a single continent,10939:
7681:
6265:
5105:, currently at 2%. The states manage hospitals and attached outpatient services, while the Commonwealth funds the4706:
4077:. The population is heavily concentrated on the east coast, and in particular in the south-eastern region between2559:
22683:
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20720:
20519:
20509:
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20186:
20160:
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15026:
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5438:. Australian public intellectuals have also written seminal works in their respective fields, including feminist5172:
5029:
4978:
4915:
4690:
4166:
3588:
3518:
3501:
3411:
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3343:, whose foreign relations has three core bi-partisan pillars: commitment to the US alliance, engagement with the2810:
2636:
1369:
1338:
16940:
15544:
12099:
Bishop P & Pillans B. (eds) 2010, Australian Landscapes Geological Society of London Special Publication 346
10451:
2258:, claimed to be the world's largest monolith, is located in Western Australia. At 2,228m (7,310ft),1326:
is possibly the oldest site showing the presence of humans in Australia. The oldest human remains found are the
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20403:
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13983:
11099:"Smallest continent and sixth largest country (in area) on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans".10705:
10481:
10101:
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136:
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12927:
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2617:. Associated changes in rainfall patterns and climate extremes exacerbate existing issues such as drought and2204:
of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060sqmi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the
1966:
1634:. In accordance with population growth, separate colonies were carved from New South Wales: Tasmania in 1825,75:
23872:
22635:
20956:
20873:
20749:
20598:
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20462:
20408:
20211:
20191:
16894:
16050:
15792:"Australia will fall well short of 82 per cent renewable energy by 2030, analysts predict, as problems mount"15737:
14595:
5583:
5222:
5218:
5214:
4659:
3934:
3904:
3770:
3616:
3514:
3234:
3088:
3031:
2897:
2774:
2773:
Many of Australia's ecoregions, and the species within those regions, are threatened by human activities and
2336:
1292:
863:
344:
270:
15414:"Australia's growth may 'never return' to its pre-virus path after trade trouble with China, says economist"14385:
13592:
10508:
9402:
3233:
due to the increasingly wide interpretation given to listed Commonwealth powers- and because of the states'
22931:
22001:
21967:
21743:
21722:
21606:
21524:
20941:
20735:
20472:
20435:
20314:
20304:
20176:
19277:
19042:
15523:
14844:
13353:
10045:
8672:"Friday essay: traps, rites and kurrajong twine – the incredible ingenuity of Indigenous fishing knowledge"7454:
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of the 1970s brought provocative and successful films, many exploring themes of national identity, such as
5226:
4998:
4994:
4479:
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3881:
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3728:
in the Constitution or under legislation; however the ACT, Victoria and Queensland have state based ones.
3218:
2786:
2688:
Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, the continent includes a diverse range of habitats from
2352:
2021:
1817:
1716:
1358:
896:
829:
14411:
13537:
2200:. Australia has 34,218km (21,262mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), and claims989:. Its population of over 27 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard.61:
22513:
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20668:
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20324:
20252:
19278:"Clearinghouse for sport: Ausplay National Sport and Activity Physical Participation Report 2022-23, p 9"19006:
15341:
15282:
13264:
13254:
11113:
7804:
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5710:. It has increased in popularity among non-Indigenous Australians since the 1970s, with examples such as5557:
5548:
4953:
4200:
4180:
3716:
3704:
3415:
3284:
3136:
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2001:
1875:
1804:
454:
360:
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13890:
13785:
12710:"A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA"9356:
6461:
5934:, while ranked fourth in television viewers and resources, has the highest overall participation rates.5356:, explored new artistic trends. The landscape remained central to the work of Aboriginal watercolourist3779:
2949:
in 1901. It is one of the world's oldest federations, in which power is divided between the federal and
23773:
23768:
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22942:
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Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority
21987:
21845:
21539:
20776:
20680:
20534:
20489:
20393:
19996:
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15366:
13381:"The process for, and consequences of, changing the size of the Commonwealth Parliament: a quick guide"10201:
6396:
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2102:
1752:
1669:
787:
763:
24:
19231:
18686:
17686:"Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps"17034:
16919:
14807:
14587:
14358:
Gallagher, P. W. (1988). "Setting the agenda for trade negotiations: Australia and the Cairns group".
11661:
8820:
8361:
Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; etal. (21 September 2016). "A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia".
1650:
in 1859. South Australia was founded as a free colony—it never accepted transported convicts. Growing
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16682:
15203:"Report shows three million people in poverty in Australia and why we must act to support each other"14708:
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and other post-war artists whose works, eclectic in style yet uniquely Australian, moved between the
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3494:
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1450:. The Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent "947:
931:
526:
441:
240:
81:
23040:
Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language
21214:
17795:
White, Richard (1 January 1983). "A Backwater Awash: The Australian Experience of Americanisation".
17511:"Australian Education | Australian Education System | Education | Study in Australia"17386:"Australia is now in the world's top 10 academic performers – but the data paints a complex picture"15971:
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2172:
Topographic map of Australia. Dark green represents the lowest elevation and dark brown the highest.
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al., Willerslev, E. (2016). A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia. Nature, 538(7624), 207–214.
7096:
Williams, Martin A. J.; Spooner, Nigel A.; McDonnell, Kathryn; O'Connell, James F. (January 2021).
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Centres, or groups of contiguous Urban Centres, that contain a population of 10,000 people or more.
5896:
5814:
5236:, irreverence and a lack of formality as part of their national identity. These find expression in5061:
5028:
In 2021, just under 8,000 people declared an affiliation with traditional Aboriginal religions. In
4615:
4589:
3987:
3877:
3580:
3545:
3454:
3100:
2790:
2645:
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2525:
2152:
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1576:
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16834:
16792:"The Wall of Separation: Section 116, the First Amendment and Constitutional Religious Guarantees"15924:
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aged 16–17 are required to either attend school or participate in vocational training, such as an
3998:
in Sydney and Melbourne are already valued at $ 34 billion combined. Australia ranked 24th in the
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is produced mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country. The nation also ranks highly in
5525:
5138:
5037:
4986:
4974:
4936:
4853:
4718:
3999:
3971:
3896:
3860:, about $ 963 billion in June 2022, exceeds 45.1% of the country's total GDP, and is the world's3815:
3693:
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3168:
3013:
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1837:
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1307:
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1165:
1057:
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959:
714:
587:
437:
380:
315:
246:
19592:
19024:
19023:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 23 September 2008. Archived from17559:
15464:
10740:
5922:
attracts the most television viewers in all states except New South Wales and Queensland, where
2766:. Many animal and plant species became extinct soon after first human settlement, including the1021:
for quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights.
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18932:"Media concentration by Murdoch, Nine and Stokes, and ABC cuts, a danger to democracy – report"18176:
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They Do What? A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World
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Australia has high levels of competitiveness and economic freedom, and was ranked fifth in the
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have been established. Australia was ranked 21st out of 178 countries in the world on the 2018
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1986:
1906:
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229:
120:
95:
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These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 17January2006
18598:
12952:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 19 January 2009. Archived from12926:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 21 January 2010. Archived from12594:
11992:
Hawkesworth, CJ; etal. (2010). "The generation and evolution of the continental crust".
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Australia's life expectancy of 83 years (81 years for males and 85 years for females), is the
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21977:
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19671:
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12499:
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9803:
9200:
9036:
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5941:
movement originated in Australia, and the volunteer lifesaver is one of the country's icons.
5911:
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908:
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328:
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258:
20:
19467:"Australia stuns India to claim record-extending sixth Cricket World Cup crown in Ahmedabad"19407:
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15133:
Carrera, Jordi Bosco; Grimm, Michaela; Halzhausen, Arne; Pelaya, Patricia (7 October 2021).
14463:
10389:
9615:
9493:
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5093:
in 1975. Following a period in which access to the scheme was restricted, the scheme became
3398:
Australia is a member of several defence, intelligence and security groupings including the
3185:
1776:, resulting in the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation under the new1443:
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20888:
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18597:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 5 March 2007. Archived from17950:
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In 2020, Australia produced 27.7% of its electricity from renewable sources, exceeding the
3835:
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3006:
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1665:. The Colonial Office in London retained control of some matters, notably foreign affairs.1643:
1584:
1515:
1257:
1006:
979:
939:
916:
912:
803:
779:
21226:
19670:
Jupp, James; Director Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies James Jupp (2001).
17976:
16237:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2005. Archived from16076:
14055:
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
10339:
Beaumont, Joan (1996a). "Australia's war: Asia and the Pacific". In Beaumont, Joan (ed.).
6485:
5386:, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older. In the 19th century,1874:
in fighting the First World War, and took part in many of the major battles fought on the
8:
23385:
22957:
22913:
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in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.
21997:
21991:
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20916:
20858:
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19605:
17071:
16258:
16256:
15586:
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14216:
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13446:
13301:
12522:
12453:"Yes, Australia is a land of flooding rains. But climate change could be making it worse"11315:
10587:
9863:
9494:
6174:
6149:
6133:
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The two main institutions involved in the management of Australia's armed forces are the
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was introduced by Austronesian people who traded with Indigenous Australians around 3000
2693:
2640:
2567:
2457:
2392:
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2220:
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2012:
from 1962 to 1972. During this time, tensions over communist influence in society led to
1788:
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The Getting of Garlic: Australian Food from Bland to Brilliant, with Recipes Old and New
14945:
12725:
12192:
12065:
12005:
11819:
11813:
11501:
10123:
9682:"Blackbirding: Australia's history of luring, tricking and kidnapping Pacific Islanders"8374:
7113:
7097:
7005:
6775:
6017:", which may be played in place of or alongside the national anthem when members of the5197:
4730:
2754:, koala, and wombat, and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra. Australia is home to1225:
23842:
21924:
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21793:
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21047:
21018:
20976:
20951:
20936:
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20911:
20878:
20781:
20685:
20289:
20284:
19958:
19381:
19313:
19307:
18719:
18086:
17989:
17812:
17741:
16054:
15959:
15336:
15309:
15054:
14924:
13259:
12771:
12209:
12176:
12017:
11974:
11355:
10805:
10771:
10583:
8892:
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8186:
Climate, Clothing, and Agriculture in Prehistory: Linking Evidence, Causes, and Effects
7133:
7043:
6466:
6090:
5853:
5804:
5687:
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was one of the world's leading opera singers, and later popular music acts such as the
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1327:
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1133:
884:
252:
219:
16253:
12897:
12744:
12709:
11509:
5089:
Australia spent around 9.91% of its total GDP to health care in 2021. It introduced a
4928:
2905:
2566:
The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including the
1707:
from their families and communities, justified on the grounds of child protection and
1240:", "the Sunburnt Country", and "the Wide Brown Land". The latter two both derive from23568:
23188:
22444:
21961:
21875:
21855:
21408:
21393:
21370:
20906:
20648:
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19858:
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19073:
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14779:
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13908:
13867:
13812:
13735:
13679:
13513:
13413:
12749:
12600:
12531:
12214:
12086:
McKenzie et al. (ed) 2004 Australian Soils and Landscapes: an illustrated compendium
12021:
11978:
11970:
11941:
11823:
11714:
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10205:
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9741:
9702:
Banivanua Mar, Tracey; Edmonds, Penelope (2013). "Indigenous and settler relations".
9505:
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using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still popular; Paterson's
5337:
5241:
5079:
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4722:
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4327:
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3995:
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Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, Australia is separated from Asia by the
1933:
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1856:
1841:
1796:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1600:
1476:
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1435:
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1085:
1053:
793:
769:
747:
395:
214:
204:
67:
21598:
14247:
12708:
Savolainen, P.; Leitner, T.; Wilton, A.N.; Matisoo-Smith, E.; Lundeberg, J. (2004).
12686:
12660:
12073:
10576:
7622:"australia | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name australia by etymonline"6342:
file). 2021 Census of Population and Housing. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
6292:
5745:. Also during the colonial period, Chinese migrants paved the way for a distinctive3842:
is the national currency, which is also used by three island states in the Pacific:
2730:
replace them as the dominant species in drier regions and deserts. Among well-known
23507:
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23197:
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21248:
21163:
21138:
21023:
20457:
19653:
The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins
19626:
18619:. Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. Archived from18339:
18070:
18058:"John Howard's Hegemony of Values: The Politics of 'Mateship' in the Howard Decade"17971:
17963:
17804:
17198:"Why do Australian states need a national curriculum, and do teachers even use it?"17123:
16576:
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6779:
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5534:
5435:
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5110:
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4908:
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4812:
4770:
4603:
4537:
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4457:
4259:
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4018:
3952:
3880:
is by far the smallest, making up only 3.6% of total GDP. Australia is the world's
3788:
3671:
3524:
The power over foreign policy is highly concentrated in the prime minister and the
3426:
3372:
3329:
3312:
3308:
3198:
3164:
2962:
2958:
2911:
2282:, at 3,492m (11,457ft) and 3,355m (11,007ft) respectively.2275:
2259:
2044:
1689:
1592:
1190:
1097:
1009:
diverse and has one of the highest foreign-born populations in the world. It has a
689:
366:
19673:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins
17535:
14586:
Mitchell, Ian; Robinson, Lee; Cichocka, Beata; Ritchie, Euan (13 September 2021).
12428:. Australian Government National Water Commission. 15 January 2010. Archived from11898:
11872:
11846:
11786:
11760:
11734:
11683:
11627:
11601:
11575:
11549:
11523:
10391:
Something Rich and Strange: Sea Changes, Beaches and the Littoral in the Antipodes
9380:(2nded.). Crows Nest NSW: Allen & Unwin. pp.42, 111, 147–59, 300.8962:(1). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies: 3–17.8264:
Archaeological Dimension of World Heritage: From Prevention to Social Implications
6923:
6069:
in English was in 1625 in "A note of Australia del Espíritu Santo, written by Sir
4073:
of 3.4 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the
2316:
1747:
23522:
23349:
22473:
22317:
22011:
21904:
21869:
21779:
21529:
21258:
21173:
21108:
19812:
19238:
19128:
18831:
18617:"35 per cent increase in funding for Australia's major performing arts companies"18392:
18315:
Ecological Pioneers: A Social History of Australian Ecological Thought and Action
17542:
16424:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019"14654:
Australia in international politics: an introduction to Australian foreign policy
14193:
Australia in international politics: an introduction to Australian foreign policy
13038:, Yale Center for International Earth Science Information Network, archived from12177:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution"9667:
9373:
8520:
8502:
8354:
8144:
8134:
7709:
7688:
7166:
6738:
6070:
5938:
5833:
5788:
5726:
5703:
5505:
5498:
5431:
5414:, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient,5395:
5349:
5329:
5301:
5071:
4962:
4896:
4710:
4651:
4555:
4533:
4483:
4441:
4403:
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4225:
3940:
3663:
3600:
3513:
under which some 75 countries receive assistance. Australia ranked fourth in the
3421:
3392:
3210:
3194:
3123:
There are two major political groups that usually form government federally: the
2814:
2697:
2587:
2384:
1982:
1712:
1635:
1469:
1427:
1373:
1334:
1306:
of the Australian mainland (and surrounding islands including Tasmania), and the
1206:
1139:
21034:
19982:
18222:
17251:. Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from17020:
16632:"The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005.16461:"Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)"16194:"United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs"13039:
10314:(1996). "Australia's war: Europe and the Middle East". In Beaumont, Joan (ed.).7713:
Posesion en nombre de Su Magestad (Archivo del Museo Naval, Madrid, MS 951) p. 3
6186:
Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include
4673:
immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, the
3347:
and support for international institutions, rules and co-operation. Through the
3276:. At the Commonwealth level, the King's representative is the governor-general.1630:) was established in 1829, evolving into the largest Australian colony by area,23747:
23672:
23553:
23279:
23005:
22976:
22893:
22830:
22688:
22529:
22454:
22362:
21914:
21910:
21894:
21859:
21799:
21487:
21477:
21462:
21436:
21375:
21243:
20901:
20007:
19964:
18648:
18612:
17924:"Small Poppy Syndrome: Why are Australians so Obsessed With Nicknaming Things?"17808:
16581:
16564:
16238:
13905:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia
13864:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia
13809:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia
11940:
Blewitt, R.S. (Ed.) Geoscience Australia and ANU E Press, Canberra. pp. 227–75
11386:
10759:
8844:
The Cambridge History of Australia, Volume 1, Indigenous and Colonial Australia
8422:
Williams, Elizabeth (2015). "Complex hunter-gatherers: a view from Australia".
7068:
The Cambridge History of Australia, Volume 1, Indigenous and Colonial Australia
6121:
6074:
5972:
5777:
5765:
5753:
5734:
5652:
5632:
5589:
5512:
and various state companies. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.
5439:
5407:
5391:
5383:
5369:
5365:
5261:
5155:
4970:
4924:
4738:
4714:
4655:
4528:
3869:
3376:
3300:
3269:
2867:
2770:; others have disappeared since European settlement, among them the thylacine.2689:
2595:
2513:
2433:
2422:
2364:
2090:
1662:
1611:
1484:
969:
480:
423:
23407:
19832:
19490:"The Barassi Line: a globally unique divider splitting Australia's footy fans"18407:"Australia's Booker prize record suggests others will come in Flanagan's wake"18074:
16311:
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
14371:
14027:
Norfolk Island previously was self-governed, however this was revoked in 2015.
13185:
12848:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 17 March 2010.12013:
9905:
8435:
8012:
The Edge of Memory: Ancient Stories, Oral Tradition and the Post-Glacial World
4746:
4658:
than in previous decades. All overt racial discrimination ended in 1973, with
4638:
during the 19th century. Following Federation in 1901, a strengthening of the
2957:
combines elements derived from the political systems of the United Kingdom (a
2246:, one of the 600 islands within the main archipelago of the Great Barrier Reef23836:
23818:
23805:
23752:
23512:
22925:
22871:
22775:
21482:
21454:
21403:
21280:
21270:
21238:
21209:
20011:
18749:
18082:
17985:
17967:
17441:"Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Australia"16768:
15112:
15022:"Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The state of the world's human rights"14783:
14040:
is recognised by only by New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, and Norway.
13401:
13001:
11385:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from11383:"Protected Areas and World Heritage – Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area"11057:
11053:
10767:
10450:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship (Australia). 2001. Archived from10311:
9756:
9038:
Digging It Up Down Under: A Practical Guide to Doing Archaeology in Australia
8967:
8714:
8400:
7818:
7725:
7692:
The Spanish quest for Terra Australis|State Library of New South Wales Page 1
7129:
7031:
6828:
6820:
6791:
6783:
6402:
5761:
5730:
5719:
5628:
5624:
5497:. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company,5490:
5415:
5325:
5296:
5102:
5049:
4870:
Although English is not the official language of Australia in law, it is the
4678:
3799:
3554:
3245:
3047:
2829:
2506:
2372:
2309:
of inland Queensland. The northernmost point of the mainland is the tropical
2294:
2279:
2063:
1899:
1527:
1504:
856:
170:
157:
19538:
Football and Community in the Global Context: Studies in Theory and Practice
19350:"Brisbane announced as 2032 Olympic Games host city at IOC meeting in Tokyo"18956:
15079:"Column: Resource-rich Australia shows vagaries of any commodity supercycle"13577:
13560:
13510:
From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia Got Compulsory Voting
13124:"See the spectacular fossils from a newly discovered prehistoric rainforest"12924:"National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity"12734:
12638:
12621:
7979:
7621:
6752:, however this is only recognised by the UK, France, New Zealand and Norway.5324:. Early colonial artists showed a fascination with the unfamiliar land. The4919:
languages were spoken at home by 76,978 Indigenous Australians — Yumplatok (
4116:
of the population was 39 years. In 2015, 2.15% of the Australian population
2192:
lying between Australia and New Zealand. The world's smallest continent and
1836:(which had initially been annexed by Queensland in 1883) in 1902 and of the1795:
within the British Empire. Australia was one of the founding members of the
911:, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates including23457:
23285:
23130:
23120:
22900:
22390:
22322:
22307:
21580:
21497:
21492:
21467:
21315:
19597:
15519:
12822:. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. 2006.12753:
12564:"Fact check: Are feral cats killing over 20 billion native animals a year?"12348:
12218:
12200:
12150:"Earthquake History, Regional Seismicity And The 1989 Newcastle Earthquake"10252:
8887:
8868:
8408:
7039:
6010:
5923:
5915:
5888:
5636:
5616:
5606:
5562:
5474:
5443:
5423:
5387:
5382:
grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous
5373:
5353:
5291:
5075:
5005:
has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are
4990:
3912:
3442:
3344:
3340:
3163:
was held on 21 May 2022 and resulted in the Australian Labor Party, led by
3148:
2974:
2700:
is unique. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of
2472:, and the mainland of Australia. The Australian continent is moving toward2332:
1993:
1989:, that was justified to Australians using the slogan "populate or perish".1887:
1864:
1697:
1500:
1454:" during the 17th century, and although no attempt at settlement was made,1361:. The extent to which some groups engaged in agriculture is controversial.1354:
1032:. It is a member of international groups including the United Nations; the1025:
951:
935:
926:
began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the
417:
19107:"Smashed avo, anyone? Five Australian creations taking the world by storm"15363:"List of importing markets for the product exported by Austral1ia in 2021"14623:"Cabinet papers 2003: Howard government sends Australia into the Iraq war"10176:. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia. p.5.9980:
6161:
Each person may nominate more than one ancestry, so total may exceed 100%.
5249:
5209:
in 2007, making it the youngest building to have received the designation.
5101:. The program is nominally funded by an income tax surcharge known as the4844:
At the 2021 census, 3.8% of the Australian population identified as being
2791:
National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity
2785:
is the legal framework for the protection of threatened species. Numerous
2363:(also known as Ayers Rock), the famous sandstone monolith, and the inland1284:
23727:
23717:
23492:
23227:
23177:
23135:
22999:
22963:
22882:
22795:
22698:
22604:
22549:
22287:
22257:
22107:
21759:
21667:
21507:
21418:
21253:
21153:
20971:
20831:
19804:
19692:
18849:
18537:"Evaluation of the Orchestras Review 2005 funding package implementation"18459:
16565:"'National' and 'Official' Languages Across the Independent Asia-Pacific"15497:
15388:"List of supplying markets for the product imported by Australia in 2021"14768:(Report). Australian Government: Defence. 18 September 2023. p.23.11380:
9312:
7856:
7825:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 11 February 1928. p.16.5927:
5707:
5570:
5399:
5333:
4764:
4394:
4044:
are of great assistance in deep space exploration missions, primarily by
3960:
3948:
3565:
3152:
3023:
2873:
2822:
2499:
2492:
2469:
2461:
2306:
2263:
2177:
2168:
2112:
on the United States, Australia joined the United States in fighting the
2086:
1914:
1757:
1639:
1567:
1538:, saw New South Wales transition from a penal colony to a civil society.1496:
1480:
1323:
1315:
1170:
404:
389:
334:
291:
31:
15934:
15898:"Sydney's startup ecosystem is worth $ 24 billion, Melbourne's $ 10.5bn"9273:
8896:
8391:
8382:
7013:
5316:, "the last great art movement of the 20th century" according to critic3907:. It attracted 9.5million international tourists in 2019, and was2555:
2077:) or "desert and uncultivated land" at the time of European settlement.23636:
23584:
23125:
23070:
22864:
22559:
22302:
22242:
22172:
22112:
19800:
19561:
18801:"Australian film has had its biggest year at the box office ever. Why?"17724:"Record number of international students sticking around on work visas"17038:
16865:
14112:"Which island should you visit - Lord Howe or Norfolk? A guide to both"12349:"Australia fires: Life during and after the worst bushfires in history"11061:
10863:"The States, the Commonwealth and the Crown—the Battle for Sovereignty"9500:(Thirded.). Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. pp.8457:
Sáenz, Rogelio; Embrick, David G.; Rodríguez, Néstor P. (3 June 2015).
7022:
6129:
5757:
5539:
5470:
5449:
5341:
4993:(43.9% of the population). The largest Christian denominations are the4726:
4611:
4550:
4517:
4474:
4419:
4399:
4343:
4309:
4304:
4293:
4113:
3956:
3944:
3823:
3202:
2966:
2934:
2892:
2825:
2763:
2723:
2713:
2680:
2512:
The Australian mainland and Tasmania are situated in the middle of the
2453:
2189:
1681:
1647:
1523:
1522:
as labourers or servants to "free settlers" (willing immigrants). Once
1492:
1465:
1410:
1406:
1376:
1319:
1245:
1233:
351:
311:
17948:
Kidd, Evan; Kemp, Nenagh; Kashima, Emiko S.; Quinn, Sara (June 2016).
13701:"Old Greens wounds reopen as members vote on directly electing leader"13214:
12485:
Ed. by: P. Short Australian Systematic Botany Society Inc. pp. 259–264
11233:
Loffler, Ernst; Loffler, Anneliese; A. J. Rose; Warner, Denis (1983).
8127:
7121:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
4884:
serves as the standard dialect. The Australian sign language known as
3414:
with New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Malaysia and Singapore; and the
3046:
and the Cabinet. The governor-general may in some situations exercise
2670:
1197:
appears to have been officially used was in April 1817, when Governor
23722:
23692:
23249:
23232:
23211:
23100:
22539:
22489:
22327:
22312:
22237:
21233:
20060:
18148:"Sidney Nolan's Rainbow Serpent is larger than life" (16 June 2012),13982:. Australian Government Attorney-General's Department. Archived from13732:
The Australian Greens: from activism to Australia's third party
13093:"Mind-Blowing New Fossil Site Found in The 'Dead' Heart of Australia"12408:"Making Every Drop Count: How Australia is Securing its Water Future"11325:
11135:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia). Archived from11002:"The New Fifth Ocean – The World's Newest Ocean – The Southern Ocean"10259:(2nded.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp.32, 38.7942:
7095:
5966:
5769:
5742:
5715:
5543:
5282:
4904:
4734:
4414:
4254:
4094:
4017:
technology, and the development of the first commercially successful
3991:
3964:
3459:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
3430:
3399:
2841:
2837:
2778:
2747:
2735:
2607:
2185:
2181:
1895:
1825:
1820:
was formed in 1911 as the location for the future federal capital of
1346:
1311:
1069:
1002:
196:
35:
18193:
Smith, Terry (1996). "Kngwarreye Woman, Abstract Painter", p. 24 in
15462:
14656:(3rded.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. pp.78–84.14245:
14195:(3rded.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. pp.332–8.12707:
12599:. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. pp.287–290.11237:. Richmond, Victoria: Hutchinson Group (Australia). pp.37–39.10097:
8703:"Evidence of 9,000-year-old stone houses found on Australian island"7682:"He named it Austrialia del Espiritu Santo and claimed it for Spain"6976:
Australia has the oldest, most highly weathered soils on the planet.
3591:". The Australian Defence Force is the military wing, headed by the3256:
in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the
2716:
on the mainland. Australia is also one of 17 megadiverse countries.
2262:
is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland. Even taller are
23737:
23707:
23472:
23302:
23222:
23160:
23145:
23065:
23060:
23055:
22951:
22836:
22800:
22784:
22502:
22332:
22267:
22227:
22222:
22207:
22157:
22152:
22137:
22127:
22117:
21956:
21820:
21633:
21133:
19968:
19515:"The 'Barassi Line': Quantifying Australia's Great Sporting Divide"18906:"Media Ownership In Australia – 1999 | AustralianPolitics.com"18883:
15305:"'Ridiculous prices': Australians' home ownership dreams turn sour"13956:. Governor–General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from13932:. Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge university press. pp.521–8.13866:(2nded.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. pp.528–30, 577–80.13786:"What's the difference between a territory and a state parliament?"13536:. Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from12659:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. May 2008. Archived from11162:. Department of the Environment and Water Resources. Archived from10656:"Australian politics explainer: the Mabo decision and native title"10418:
Nation and People: An Introduction to Australia in a Changing World
8639:
Bates, Badger; Westaway, Michael; Jackson, Sue (15 December 2022).
8332:"Aboriginal Australians are Earth's oldest civilization: DNA study"6315:
6120:
Australia describes the body of water south of its mainland as the
5849:
5773:
5478:
5233:
5086:
adults; 63% of its adult population is either overweight or obese.
5014:
5010:
4872:
4694:
4607:
4571:
4470:
4452:
4356:
4288:
4275:
4106:
4098:
4082:
3939:
In 2021–22, Australia's generation of electricity was sourced from
3843:
3214:
3069:
2751:
2739:
2705:
2521:
2465:
2441:
1997:
1821:
1792:
1685:
1676:
beginning in the early 1850s led to an influx of new migrants from
1588:
990:
892:
851:
751:
148:
19973:
19177:"Australian wine: Production, sales and inventory report, 2018–19"18336:
Waltzing Matilda: The Secret History of Australia's Favourite Song
16455:
16453:
12481:
Pascoe, I. G.; (1991) History of systematic mycology in Australia
8460:
The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity
6596:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Australia)"4888:
was used at home by 16,242 people at the time of the 2021 census.
2886:
1185:
still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts. The name
23682:
23563:
23537:
23366:
23355:
23110:
23105:
23090:
23085:
22858:
22848:
22811:
22507:
22479:
22367:
22262:
22247:
22212:
22197:
22182:
21707:
21697:
21426:
21296:
21221:
21188:
21082:
18483:"The 43-year-old invention behind 2022's biggest music sensation"15141:
15083:
14826:(Report). Australian Strategic Policy Institute. pp.2, 12.14389:
13402:
Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters (10 October 2005).
12794:"The Thylacine Museum – A Natural History of the Tasmanian Tiger"11069:
10069:
10046:"Australian Citizenship and the Independence of Papua New Guinea"9467:
Biography – Gregory Blaxland – Australian Dictionary of Biography
7302:
Australian Government, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
7262:
7260:
7258:
7192:
7190:
6094:
6082:
5818:
5502:
5033:
5022:
5018:
4985:
At the 2021 census, 38.9% of the population identified as having
4683:
4494:
4236:
3608:
3572:
2794:
2743:
2579:
2495:
2473:
2449:
2445:
2426:
2340:
2328:
2239:
2228:
1760:, depicts the opening of the first Australian Parliament in 1901.1545:. As settlement expanded, thousands of Indigenous people died in1422:
1337:
with diverse economies and societies, and spread across at least
900:
283:
39:
19814:
The Land of Dreams: How Australians Won Their Freedom, 1788–1860
19002:"Bush food industry worth $ 80m but could double by 2025: study"18163:
The Figured Landscapes of Rock-Art: Looking at Pictures in Place
17363:"PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II) - Country Notes: Australia"16509:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"9469:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.8225:
The Bone Readers: Science and Politics in Human Origins Research
7173:(2nded.). Crows Nest NSW: Allen & Unwin. p.161.5619:
are Australia's premier film and television awards, and notable
5406:" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem.5300:
mural (1970) is inspired by the Aboriginal creation myth of the
2832:, in South Australia, that presents evidence that this now arid2051:
in Australia) was recognised in law for the first time when the
1692:
against gold license fees. In the 1860s an increasing number of
1680:, North America and continental Europe, as well as outbreaks of23742:
23712:
23677:
23652:
23532:
23361:
23155:
23150:
23115:
23095:
22970:
22853:
22824:
22805:
22554:
22372:
22357:
22352:
22277:
22217:
22187:
22147:
22142:
22132:
22122:
21789:
21687:
21677:
21385:
21275:
21183:
19986:
19841:
An Historical Geography of Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe
18653:
17705:"Australian universities double down on international students"17023:. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 25 February 2021.16450:
14585:
13999:"Norfolk Island loses its parliament as Canberra takes control"13062:"'Haunting': What it's like watching the last of a species die"12900:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.12174:
11065:
11049:
8293:
6097:) in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south.5832:
Australia is one of five nations to have participated in every
5041:
4885:
4338:
4270:
4220:
4090:
3851:
3406:
security treaty with the United States and United Kingdom; the
2833:
2818:
2727:
2488:
2483:, excluding the thinned margins, has an average thickness of 382429:
3.6–2.7 Ga (billion years ago) crusts identified on the Earth.
2409:
1575:
penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed
1229:
1201:
acknowledged the receipt of Flinders' charts of Australia from
998:
295:
191:
19607:
World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023
18197:, North Ryde NSW: Craftsman House / G + B Arts International.15240:
All three countries use the Australian dollar as legal tender.
14679:"Explainer: Australia's war powers and the role of parliament"14154:
14152:
13996:
12038:
Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22: 432 p.
11232:
9979:. Melbourne, Victoria: University of Melbourne. Archived from8912:"Biodiversity values on selected Kimberley Islands, Australia"7568:"Aukus, the Anglosphere and the return of great power rivalry"7255:
7187:
5692:
3611:, with shared and joint responsibilities. The titular role of3279:
The Commonwealth government directly administers the internal
2977:
with an elected upper house), resulting in a distinct hybrid.
2594:(upper half of New South Wales), with the highlands featuring1365:
developed on some islands and villages appeared by the 1300s.
23732:
23702:
23697:
23687:
23662:
23657:
23527:
23517:
23502:
23487:
23344:
23334:
23317:
23262:
23217:
23140:
23080:
23075:
22342:
22297:
22252:
22232:
22202:
22192:
22177:
22167:
21204:
21178:
21168:
21158:
21148:
20052:
19070:
Kangaroo's Comments and Wallaby's Words: The Aussie Word Book
17122:. Australian Taxation Office. 18 October 2017. Archived from16533:
1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney
16129:"Australia's part in 50 years of space exploration with NASA"15819:"What is the government's plan to get Australia to net zero?"14335:
Australia and the Global Trade System: From Havana to Seattle
13561:"A new political system model: Semi-parliamentary government"13479:"Is it compulsory to enrol, regardless of age or disability?"12622:"The Spatial Distribution of Threats to Species in Australia"12087:
10477:"'Populate or perish': Australia's postwar migration program"8360:
7732:. National Library of Australia. 26 January 1888. p.2.6990:
6936:"Well, Australia has by far the world's least fertile soils".6750:
41% of the Antarctic continent is also claimed by the country
6339:
5482:
5458:
5070:. It has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world, while5045:
5006:
4322:
4102:
4014:
4006:
3847:
3403:
3391:. This reflects the country's generally strong commitment to3348:
2783:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
2759:
2758:
including some of the most venomous snakes in the world. The
2709:
2675:
2360:
2320:
1949:
1627:
1065:
1061:
19566:
Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand and Surf
16285:"Main Features – Australia's Population by Country of Birth"15132:
12498:. Department of the Environment and Heritage. Archived from10174:
Bigger than Gallipoli: war, history, and memory in Australia
9378:
The Original Australians: The story of the Aboriginal People
8516:"Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing"7171:
The Original Australians: The story of the Aboriginal People
6426:
6424:
6422:
6052:
There are minor variations from three basic time zones; see
5795:, with each state and territory hosting numerous breweries.5312:
sites, and traditional designs, patterns and stories infuse
4666:
being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century.
3229:
Federation, the Commonwealth's power relative to the states
2266:(at 2,745m (9,006ft)), on the remote Australian1851:
1434:
in early 1606, and made landfall on 26 February 1606 at the
23667:
23558:
23497:
23462:
23322:
23296:
23290:
22395:
22337:
22162:
21472:
21320:
21128:
20028:
19855:
Australia and New Zealand: Economy, Society and Environment
19380:. Australian Commonwealth Games Association. Archived from19096:. NewSouth Publishing. ISBN 9781742244365, pp. 32, 230–231.18834:(26 February 2014), news.com.au. Retrieved 7 February 2016.17275:"The Department of Education – Schools and You – Schooling"17225:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived from15417:
14971:"The 20 most and least gay-friendly countries in the world"14149:
13222:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary"11045:
10741:"The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigines"10621:. Cengage Learning Australia. pp.25–26, 30, 132–133.6258:
6040:
The religion question is optional in the Australian census.
5903:(2004), winning all three games. It has also won the men's5817:
is strongly associated with the history and development of
5784:
5733:
to the continent. This influence is seen in dishes such as
5666:
placed Australia 25th on a list of 180 countries ranked by
5486:
5159:
4045:
3450:
3384:
2603:
2391:
lie between the interior deserts and Mediterranean-climate
1549:
while others were dispossessed of their traditional lands.
1479:
in 1783, the British Government sent a fleet of ships, the
1124:
1121:
1115:
1100:
1037:
22074:
20038:
20033:
20023:
19853:
Robinson, G.M., Loughran, R.J., and Tranter, P.J. (2000).
17605:"The Most Educated Countries in the World – Yahoo Finance"17070:. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from15761:
14414:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.13907:(2nded.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. pp.607–9.13811:(2nded.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. pp.405–6.11841:
11839:
11487:
10977:
What Happens Next? Reconstructing Australia After COVID-19
10838:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House.9670:, State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 21 February 2024.8369:(7624). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 207–214.8222:
Tuniz, Claudio; Gillespie, Richard; Jones, Cheryl (2016).
3457:(WTO). Beginning in the 2000s, Australia entered into the2613:
Driven by climate change, average temperatures have risen
2516:
and have no active volcanoes, but due to passing over the
1163:
Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as
19:
This article is about the country. For the continent, see
19039:"Modern Australian recipes and Modern Australian cuisine"18217:
18215:
18213:
18211:
17702:
15872:"Australia wants a place in ranks of global tech nations"12768:"Humans to blame for extinction of Australia's megafauna"9950:
Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory
8995:
8846:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.34–35.7905:
A Loose Canon: Essays on History, Modernity and Tradition
6419:
3647:
3388:
1372:
had been established between local Aboriginal groups and
1033:
1005:, both with a population of over 5 million. Australia is868:
23632:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
21077:
19774:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.17722:
Gothe-Snape, political reporter Jackson (27 July 2018).
16709:. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. 2020. p.13.16103:"Proceeds of crime: how polymer banknotes were invented"15986:"Research Output | Australian Innovation System Monitor"14246:
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (20 January 2021).
14081:"Macquarie Island research station to be closed in 2017"13997:
Tan, Monica; Australian Associated Press (12 May 2015).
10698:"Fact Sheet – Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy"9779:
Australia's Boer War: The War in South Africa, 1899-1902
9400:
9252:
Pacific Worlds: A History of Seas, Peoples, and Cultures
8996:
Barber, Peter; Barnes, Katherine; Nigel Erskine (2013).
8051:
People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory
6293:"Melbourne overtakes Sydney as Australia's biggest city"3497:, with the most recent deal signed in 2023 with the UK.1848:
in 1949 and gained independence from Australia in 1975.
1468:
sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named "
1382:
22720:
List of countries where English is an official language
19469:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 November 202319302:
18165:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 39–68. 9780521524247.17177:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. pp.7–917035:"Current healthcare expenditure (% of GDP) – Australia"16158:
3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18
15463:
United Nations Development Programme (September 2022).
14135:"A new Australian foreign policy agenda under Albanese"13249:
13247:
13170:
Thompson, Elaine (1980). "The 'Washminster' Mutation".
12950:"Conservation of biological diversity across Australia"12619:
11836:
11467:(2ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.202.10720:
8301:"DNA confirms Aboriginal culture one of Earth's oldest"7200:
Routledge Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Change
5552:(1906), the world's first feature-length narrative film5213:
Contemporary Australian culture reflects the country's
3315:
are part of Tasmania and New South Wales respectively.
1828:
served as the temporary capital from 1901 to 1927. The
19535:
18680:"The first wave of Australian feature film production"18361:"The Miles Franklin Literary Award – australia.gov.au"18294:
Reading Down Under: Australian Literary Studies Reader
18208:
17545:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
17094:"International Health Care System Profiles: Australia"16730:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census"16719:
National Indigenous Language Report (2020). pp. 42, 65
15681:"Australian energy mix by state and territory 2021-22"12770:. University of Melbourne. 8 June 2001. Archived from12683:"Snake bite – The Australian Venom Compendium Concept"11923:
Pirajno, F., Occhipinti, S.A. and Swager, C.P., 1998.
10889:
Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
10754:(1). Canberra: Australian National University: 17–36.9241:. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000248470. pp. 26–27.9170:"European discovery and the colonisation of Australia"9092:
University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Queensland
7974:
6565:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 September 2022.6500:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3451:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3217:(Tas)—and two mainland self-governing territories—the2722:
are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly
2621:. 2019 was Australia's warmest recorded year, and the1715:(1899–1902) marked the largest overseas deployment of1236:". Other epithets include "the Great Southern Land", "21628:
19857:. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford University Press.19620:
19336:
17829:
16862:"Life expectancy at birth, total (years) – Australia"15656:"Australian electricity generation renewable sources"14304:"Australia and the Quad: A Watering Can or a Hammer?"14165:(Report). Australian Government. 2017. pp.1–8.13284:
11660:. Australian Government. 27 June 2009. Archived from10726:
10684:
10678:
10375:
10363:
10250:
9892:
9790:
9648:
9598:
9586:
9548:
9536:
9524:
9448:
9076:
8456:
7651:
Clarke, Jacqueline; Clarke, Philip (10 August 2014).
7447:
7072:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.19.6986:
6984:
6807:"Map from above shows Australia is a very flat place"6694:
6630:"Australia Gini Coefficient, 1995 – 2023 | CEIC Data"5304:, as well as desert flowers in bloom after a drought.4598:
Australian residents by country of birth, 2021 census
3668:
assisting to prevent asylum-seekers enter the country
3623:, who is subject to the decisions of Cabinet and its2359:. Prominent features of the centre and south include1787:, Australia and several other self-governing British1413:
on 29 April 1770 to claim Australia's east coast for
1106:
19757:
A History of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific
19433:(3rded.). Camberwell, Vic: Viking. p.1.17947:
15050:"Australia: Setbacks, Inaction on Key Rights Issues"13678:. London: Pearson Higher Education AU. p.139.13244:
12426:"National review of water restrictions in Australia"12152:. Geoscience Australia. 22 June 2004. Archived from11204:"Parks and Reserves—Australia's National Landscapes"10151:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p.273.8638:
8579:"How Aboriginal burning changed Australia's climate"5948:
4693:
asks each Australian resident to nominate up to two
3469:
as well as bilateral free trade agreements with the
3299:(Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands),3240:
Each state and major mainland territory has its own
2080:
Following the abolition of the last vestiges of the
1345:
based on reverence for the land and a belief in the
1330:, which have been dated to around 41,000 years ago.1118:
1112:
1109:
18106:"Book review: Mateship – A Very Australian History"18031:"Australian values: what the bloody hell are they?"16235:"The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy"13673:
11458:
11456:
10257:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
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7,688,287km (2,968,464sqmi) (
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9592:
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7298:"Culturally and linguistically Diverse Australian"7065:
6981:
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13163:
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9366:
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7604:(2005) Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd.7196:
6124:, rather than the Indian Ocean as defined by the6003:
5706:diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called5702:Most Indigenous Australian groups subsisted on a5036:framework developed in Aboriginal Australia, the4989:, up from 15.5% in 2001. The largest religion is3899:in 2021. As of 2022, it is ranked twelfth in the3437:Australia has pursued the cause of international1955:
1886:in 1915 as the "baptism of fire" that forged the1743:Military history of Australia during World War II1703:From 1886, Australian colonial governments began1684:and civil unrest; the latter peaked in 1854 when1205:. In December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the23834:
22715:List of countries by English-speaking population18269:"Brett Whiteley: nature:: Art Gallery NSW"17823:
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8989:
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8323:
8041:
7091:
7089:
7063:
6916:"A Chat with Tim Flannery on Population Control"5825:, Australia's two most popular spectator sports.5783:Australia is a leading exporter and consumer of3536:supports the executive in its policy decisions.1739:Military history of Australia during World War I1503:, on 26 January 1788, a date which later became1442:on Cape York. Later that year, Spanish explorer23437:
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1368:By the mid-18th century in northern Australia,19805:Colonial facts and fictions: Humorous sketches19453:
19428:
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18641:
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17632:"And the World's Most Educated Country Is ..."17068:Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary Library17057:
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7847:Weekend Australian, 30–31 December 2000, p. 164075:most sparsely populated countries in the world2793:to protect and preserve unique ecosystems; 652582:). The south-west corner of the country has a2274:, and, in the Australian Antarctic Territory,1909:in fighting the Second World War. Australia's23423:
22620:
22060:
21614:
21552:Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue21063:
20076:
19770:Goad, Philip and Julie Willis (eds.) (2011).19232:Per Capita Beer Consumption by Country (2004)18983:"The Next Superfoods May Come From Australia"18432:"Three Australian books that changed history"18008:"Meeting our requirements: Australian values"13756:"Anthony Albanese sworn in as Prime Minister"13412:. Parliament of Australia. paras. 7.26–7.27.12592:
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4138:
3528:, with major decision such as joining the3418:defence and security agreement with Japan.2847:
2476:at the rate of 6 to 7 centimetres a year.2211:Mainland Australia lies between latitudes2163:
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5965:
5951:
5881:Australian national cricket team4997:(20% of the population) and the4876:official and national language.4743:North African and Middle Eastern3629:Australian intelligence agencies3334:Diplomatic missions of Australia3034:at the federal level and by the2904:
2885:
2866:
2726:trees in the less arid regions;2345:Victoria Plains tropical savanna2000:, Australia participated in the1942:a Japanese invasion was imminent1902:as the nation's most important.1729:History of Australia (1901–1945)1672:charted Australia's interior. A1652:opposition to the convict system1563:History of Australia (1851–1900)1559:History of Australia (1788–1850)1397:History of Australia (1788–1850)1189:was popularised by the explorer1096:
724:
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675:
657:
656:
624:
623:
605:
604:
557:
538:
102:
74:
60:
22684:History of the English language20039:Australian Bureau of Statistics19755:Denoon, Donald, et al. (2000).19613:
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6534:Australian Bureau of Statistics6389:
6100:
6059:
5914:, whose relative popularity is5725:The first colonists introduced5659:The Australian Financial Review5412:most prestigious literary prize5410:is the namesake of Australia's5030:Australian Aboriginal mythology4916:Australian Aboriginal languages4691:Australian Bureau of Statistics4167:Australian Bureau of Statistics4051:
3677:
3639:(signals intelligence) and the3519:Commitment to Development Index3502:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement3412:Five Power Defence Arrangements3408:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue2955:Australian system of government2811:Environmental Performance Index2684:form an iconic Australian pair.2651:
1861:Japanese air raids on Australia1489:penal colony in New South Wales1483:, under the command of Captain1426:, captained by Dutch navigator1302:comprise two broad groups: the1262:For a chronological guide, see1179:) and subsequently anglicised.993:is the nation's capital, while954:were established, each gaining129:Commonwealth of Australia22520:British Indian Ocean Territory22429:Australian Antarctic Territory20034:National Archives of Australia19676:. Cambridge University Press.19655:. Cambridge University Press.19488:Fujak, Hunter (15 July 2022).18317:. Cambridge University Press.18055:Dyrenfurth, Nick (June 2007).17977:11858/00-001M-0000-002E-24A7-F16995:"About Overweight and Obesity"16968:. January 2012. Archived from16909:"Risks to health in Australia"16887:"Skin cancer – key statistics"16015:Berthold, Emma (17 May 2021).15303:Neubauer, Ian (6 April 2022).14713:Australian Government: Defence14494:"Trans-Tasman Roadmap to 2035"14279:Page, Mercedes (31 May 2022).13837:Parliamentary Education Office13790:Parliamentary Education Office13734:. Melbourne University Press.13226:Parliamentary Education Office13204:Parliamentary Education Office13150:Parliamentary Education Office12596:Taxonomy of Australian Mammals12291:"Climate of Western Australia"12259:Marks, Kathy (20 April 2007).11713:. Lonely Planet. p.306.11628:"Arnhem Land tropical savanna"10482:National Archives of Australia10198:A Concise History of Australia9401:Rule of Law Education Centre.8670:Clark, Anna (31 August 2023).6946:Grant, Cameron (August 2007).6730:(Imp) 63 & 64 Vict, c 12,6529:"Population clock and pyramid"6355:
6346:
6284:
6228:
6034:
6024:
5107:Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme4013:, the essential components of4011:atomic absorption spectroscopy3699:Racial Discrimination Act 19753637:Australian Signals Directorate3441:. It led the formation of the3357:close relationship with the US3325:Foreign relations of Australia3305:Australian Antarctic Territory2961:, constitutional monarchy and2452:and continuing through to the2432:Having been part of all major2206:Australian Antarctic Territory2099:1999 constitutional referendum1956:Post-war and contemporary eras1870:In 1914, Australia joined the1264:Timeline of Australian history987:six states and ten territories883:, is a country comprising the806:not observed in Qld, WA and NT1:
21040:Articles related to Australia19714:Cultural history in Australia19694:Australian painting 1788–199019540:. Routledge. pp.92–93.19312:. DK Eyewitness. DK. p.19105:Waters, Cara (15 June 2015).17064:"Medicare – Background Brief"16767:. Dfat.gov.au. Archived from16467:. Commonwealth of Australia.16291:. Commonwealth of Australia.16160:. Commonwealth of Australia.16051:Australian Academy of Science15574:UNWTO World Tourism Barometer15106:"Global Wealth Databook 2021"14763:Defence Annual Report 2022–2314596:Center for Global Development13699:Harris, Rob (22 April 2020).10861:Twomey, Anne (January 2008).10516:Fighting Australia's Cold War10343:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.10318:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.9804:"History of the Commonwealth"9431:National Museum of Australia8956:Australian Aboriginal Studies8087:Oppenheimer, Stephen (2013).7726:"The Illustrated Sydney News"6221:
3935:Renewable energy in Australia3905:Global Competitiveness Report3771:Economic history of Australia3515:Center for Global Development3056:constitutional crisis of 19752586:. The south-east ranges from1923:Mediterranean and Middle East1339:250 different language groups818:
572:3.6/km (9.3/sqmi) (22932:United States Virgin Islands21525:British Overseas Territories19997:Wikimedia Atlas of Australia19602:license statement/permission19454:Harte & Whimpress (2008)19306:; Ballheimer, David (2005).19282:Australian Sports Commission19113:. Retrieved 6 February 2024.19043:Special Broadcasting Service19010:. Retrieved 5 February 2024.18991:. Retrieved 5 February 2024.18850:"Country profile: Australia"18296:. SSS Publications. p. xii.18195:Emily Kngwarreye – Paintings18010:. Department of Home Affairs17922:Luu, Chi (7 February 2018).16642:Lalande, Line (4 May 2020).15990:publications.industry.gov.au14440:. World Trade Organization.14248:"Major Non-NATO Ally Status"13593:"Glossary of Election Terms"13006:UNESCO World Heritage Centre11787:"Central Ranges xeric scrub"11524:"Einasleigh Uplands savanna"11490:Landscape and Urban Planning9311:Molony, John Neylon (1987).9108:Davis, Russell Earls (2019)8514:Gough, Myles (11 May 2011).7493:(Report). 2023. p.29.6236:"Australian National Anthem"6106:For instance, the 1814 work6089:was used in a Dutch book in6085:. The Dutch adjectival form5648:Special Broadcasting Service5501:, well known for its famous5227:culture of the United States5116:
4999:Anglican Church of Australia3745:Indigenous deaths in custody3635:(foreign intelligence), the3219:Australian Capital Territory3161:most recent federal election2789:have been created under the2572:El Niño–Southern Oscillation2425:is one of only two pristine2357:uplands of central Australia2301:of New South Wales, and the2142:
2022:Communist Party of Australia1894:is commemorated annually on1818:Australian Capital Territory1723:Federation to the World Wars1614:established a settlement on1491:. A camp was set up and the1349:. Certain groups engaged in1136:) is derived from the Latin1079:
822:
7:
23439:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)22514:British Antarctic Territory22423:Ashmore and Cartier Islands21356:Ashmore and Cartier Islands20006:Geographic data related to19207:"Wine Regions of Australia"19021:"Australian food and drink"19007:Australian Financial Review17797:Theory, Culture and Society16215:"Regional Population, 2021"15876:Australian Financial Review15342:Central Intelligence Agency15283:International Monetary Fund14917:"Australia: Events of 2023"14819:Khosa, Raspal (July 2011).13265:Central Intelligence Agency12406:Heggie, Jon (August 2019).12351:. BBC News. 28 April 2020.12317:"State of the Climate 2020"11873:"Great Sandy-Tanami desert"11847:"Tirari-Sturt stony desert"11085:. Encyclopædia Britannica.10804:Thompson, Roger C. (1994).10282:"The war myth that made us"10148:Encyclopedia of World War I10100:. University of Melbourne.10044:McDermott, Peter M (2009).9810:. Commonwealth of Nations.9451:, pp.464–465, 628–6299254:Cambridge University Press8463:. Springer. pp.602–.7805:A Voyage to Terra Australis7597:Australian pronunciations:7363:International Monetary Fund6604:International Monetary Fund6472:Central Intelligence Agency6336:"General Community Profile"6109:A Voyage to Terra Australis5944:
5891:match (1877) and the first5558:The Story of the Kelly Gang5549:The Story of the Kelly Gang5394:captured the experience of5308:Australia has over 100,0005221:, and post-1945 history of4942:
4859:
3822:of wealth per adult, after3753:laws restricting protesting3717:Age Discrimination Act 20043705:Sex Discrimination Act 19843652:13th largest defence budget3650:, representing the world's3625:National Security Committee3539:
3526:national security committee3285:Ashmore and Cartier Islands3231:has significantly increased3135:and its minor partner, the3105:proportional representation3038:at the state level, who by2987:Legislature: the bicameral2387:on the southern coast. The2295:belt of Brigalow grasslands2061:that Australia was neither2045:Pre-colonial land interests1806:Statute of Westminster 19311717:Australia's colonial forces1295:region of Western Australia814:
10:
23901:
23627:United Nations Secretariat22649:English speaking countries21540:Overseas country of France19736:
19690:
19586:
19456:, pp.92–94, 528, 72218876:"Press Freedom Index 2020"18644:"Return of the Kelly Gang"18443:Flood (2019). pp. 62, 64-517809:10.1177/02632764830010030917582:"Year Book Australia 2005"17536:Education at a Glance 200617343:. The Age. 28 January 200916801:: 160 – via Austlii.16582:10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.651016101:CSIRO (25 November 2014).15392:International Trade Centre15367:International Trade Centre14975:Public Radio International14525:"2021 Lowy Institute Poll"12521:Lambertini, Marco (2000).10832:"Australia Act 1986 (Cth)"10760:10.1177/0067205X660020010210341:Australia's War, 1939–194510316:Australia's War, 1939–194510202:Cambridge University Press9275:Australia: a short history8538:Galván, Javier A. (2014).6855:"The Australian continent"6398:Collins English Dictionary5802:
5747:Australian Chinese cuisine5685:
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25:Australia (disambiguation)18:
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19568:. Routledge. p.39.19404:"Past Commonwealth Games"19151:Santich, Barbara (2012).18880:Reporters Without Borders18805:The Sydney Morning Herald18501:"Arts funding guide 2010"18487:The Sydney Morning Herald18334:O'Keeffe, Dennis (2012).18273:www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au18227:www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au18075:10.1080/1036114070131999418035:The Sydney Morning Herald17249:"Our system of education"15163:"Labour Force, Australia"14372:10.1080/1035771880844495514116:The Sydney Morning Herald13954:"Governor-General's Role"13730:Jackson, Stewart (2016).13705:The Sydney Morning Herald13534:"Governor-General's Role"13409:The 2004 Federal Election13298:"Governor-General's Role"13186:10.1080/0032326800840175512139:AAPG Bulletin 89: 119–14012014:10.1144/0016-76492009-07211709:Van Driesum, Rob (2002).10196:Macintyre, Stuart (2000)10124:"First World War 1914–18"8919:Western Australian Museum8436:10.1017/S0003598X000521828261:Castillo, Alicia (2015).8228:. Routledge. p.43.7802:Flinders, Matthew (1814)7455:"Statistics and rankings"7429:The Sydney Morning Herald6812:The Sydney Morning Herald6401:. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow:5920:Australian rules football5823:Australian rules football5664:Reporters Without Borders5420:Nobel Prize in Literature5288:Museum of Old and New Art5223:multicultural immigration5091:national insurance scheme5055:
4961:in Sydney belongs to the4644:large wave of immigration4069:Australia has an average4058:Demographics of Australia4038:Siding Spring Observatory4028:. Facilities such as the3978:by 2050 was set in 2021.3924:
3901:Index of Economic Freedom3836:poverty rate of Australia3818:. As of 2021, it has the3747:, the lack of entrenched3684:Human rights in Australia3511:international aid program3506:Closer Economic Relations3504:and free trade under the3449:, and is a member of the3351:pact and its status as a3193:Australia has six states—3118:semi-parliamentary system2965:) and the United States (2623:2019–2020 bushfire season2600:subpolar oceanic climates2539:1989 Newcastle earthquake2383:deserts, with the famous2105:and becoming a republic.2101:, 55% of voters rejected2008:during the 1950s and the1928:. The shock of Britain's1892:beginning of the campaign1510:Most early settlers were968:, and culminating in the948:colony of New South Wales881:Commonwealth of Australia862:
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23878:Countries in Australasia23617:Commonwealth Secretariat23590:Northern Mariana Islands23329:Northern Mariana Islands22920:Turks and Caicos Islands22580:Turks and Caicos Islands21503:Northern Mariana Islands17968:10.1177/002202211663817517785:, pp.808–12, 74–7717489:Adult Learning Australia17021:"Overweight and obesity"16380:"Net Overseas Migration"16047:AAS Biographical Memoirs15221:"Small island economies"14709:"Organisation structure"14523:Kassam, Natasha (2021).14051:"Australian Territories"12796:. The Thylacine Museum.12267:. London. Archived from11465:The Geology of Australia10739:Sawer, Geoffrey (1966).10145:Tucker, Spencer (2005).9706:. p.355–58, 363–649666:10 December 2023 at the9352:Smallpox Through History9250:Matsuda, Matt K. (2012)8544:. ABC-CLIO. p.83.7902:Coman, Brian J. (2007).6784:10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.0185996:
5926:holds sway, followed by5815:Melbourne Cricket Ground5573:era. After World War I,5515:
5461:ranks among the world's5320:; its exponents include5158:. According to the 20225062:Health care in Australia4590:Immigration to Australia4584:Ancestry and immigration3988:research and development3581:Australian Defence Force3546:Australian Defence Force3455:World Trade Organization3429:with American President3355:, Australia maintains a3297:Indian Ocean territories3237:on Commonwealth grants.3235:heavy financial reliance3001:House of Representatives2646:2000s Australian drought2625:was the country's worst2615:more than 1°C since 19602526:Newer Volcanics Province2153:Environment of Australia2072:land belonging to no one2058:Mabo v Queensland (No 2)1859:, the first of over 1001785:1907 Imperial Conference1577:Australian Convict Sites1505:Australia's national day1438:near the modern town of1042:World Trade Organization995:its most populous cities411:House of Representatives30:Not to be confused with23205:Cocos (Keeling) Islands22440:Cocos (Keeling) Islands22080:Commonwealth of Nations21366:Cocos (Keeling) Islands20024:Parliament of Australia19785:Hughes, Robert (1986).18959:. Teachers.ash.org.au.18642:Chichester, Jo (2007).18246:Sayers, Andrew (2001).17365:. OECD. 4 December 202316646:. Government of Canada.15494:The Heritage Foundation15258:Parliament of Australia14652:Firth, Stewart (2011).14191:Firth, Stewart (2011).13887:Australian Constitution13578:10.1111/1475-6765.1222413559:Ganghof, S (May 2018).13385:Parliament of Australia12735:10.1073/pnas.040181410112639:10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.811812:Banting, Erinn (2003).11654:"Rangelands – Overview"11463:Johnson, David (2009).10914:Neville, Leigh (2019).10867:Parliament of Australia10836:Documenting a Democracy10128:Australian War Memorial9761:Australian War Memorial9737:"The Stolen Generation"9237:Kercher, Bruce (2020).8501:16 January 2022 at the8133:3 December 2023 at the7764:Scott, Ernest (2004) .7730:Illustrated Sydney News6188:Torres Strait Islanders5856:, hosting the event in5526:Television in Australia5463:best-selling music acts5255:
5139:University of Melbourne5044:era in which ancestral4975:Australian Constitution4937:Western Desert language4854:Torres Strait Islanders4747:Peoples of the Americas4606:, the vast majority of4000:Global Innovation Index3911:among the countries of3897:Human Development Index3890:largest trading partner3888:. China is Australia's3666:, and domestically was3562:landing helicopter dock3381:Commonwealth of Nations2963:strong party discipline2945:political system since2931:parliamentary democracy2927:constitutional monarchy2848:Government and politics2164:General characteristics2122:largest trading partner2103:abolishing the monarchy2053:High Court of Australia1838:Territory of New Guinea1778:Australian Constitution1735:Federation of Australia1359:semi-permanent shelters1308:Torres Strait Islanders1276:Prehistory of Australia1215:The Australia Directory1058:Commonwealth of Nations983:constitutional monarchy553:•2021census316:constitutional monarchy23612:Asian Development Bank23599:Observer Organisations22819:British Virgin Islands22679:English-speaking world22650:
22636:English-speaking world22525:British Virgin Islands21215:Juan Fernández Islands20847:Indigenous Australians20348:States and territories19885:Listen to this article19068:Jonsen, Helen (1999).18910:australianpolitics.com18882:. 2020. Archived from18733:Krausz, Peter (2002).18510:. 2010. Archived from18391:19 August 2016 at the17541:2 January 2016 at the16893:. 2008. Archived from16043:"Alan Walsh 1916–1998"16017:"Science in Australia"15923:WIPO (27 April 2024).15771:Clean Energy Australia15228:Asian Development Bank13619:"State of the Parties"13512:. Text Publishing Co.13508:Brett, Judith (2019).12236:. Melbourne: The Age.12201:10.1038/sdata.2018.21411903:Terrestrial Ecoregions11877:Terrestrial Ecoregions11851:Terrestrial Ecoregions11791:Terrestrial Ecoregions11765:Terrestrial Ecoregions11739:Terrestrial Ecoregions11688:Terrestrial Ecoregions11632:Terrestrial Ecoregions11606:Terrestrial Ecoregions11580:Terrestrial Ecoregions11554:Terrestrial Ecoregions11550:"Mitchell grass downs"11528:Terrestrial Ecoregions10702:Australian Immigration10002:Souter, Gavin (2012).9777:Wilcox, Craig (2002).9492:Grey, Jeffrey (2008).8888:10.22459/AH.35.2011.068183:Gilligan, Ian (2018).8009:Nunn, Patrick (2018).7819:"Who Named Australia?"7687:17 August 2013 at the6737:9 January 2024 at the5916:divided geographically5901:Twenty20 International5826:
5722:now widely available.5699:
5697:South Australian wines5646:and the multicultural5584:Picnic at Hanging Rock5553:
5466:
5305:
5210:
5180:international students5142:
5134:QS Best Student Cities5123:Education in Australia5082:for its proportion of4966:
4866:Languages of Australia4850:Aboriginal Australians4640:white Australia policy4599:
4081:to the north-east and4030:Square Kilometre Array3982:Science and technology3903:and nineteenth in the3878:its agriculture sector3792:
3576:
3575:, sailing in formation3434:
3433:in Kantei, Tokyo, 20223336:
3262:head of the government3190:
3175:States and territories3125:Australian Labor Party3072:
2983:between three groups:2756:many dangerous animals2685:
2563:
2518:East Australia hotspot2414:
2369:Tirari and Sturt Stony2327:The landscapes of the2324:
2247:
2173:
2149:Geography of Australia2082:White Australia policy1987:white Australia policy1974:
1898:, a date which rivals1867:
1761:
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1456:a number of shipwrecks1417:
1300:Indigenous Australians1296:
1280:Indigenous Australians1181:
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1076:of the United States.1028:, and has the world's958:by 1890. The colonies956:responsible government924:Aboriginal Australians661:$ 1.790 trillion (609:$ 1.791 trillion (171:35.30806°S 149.12444°E96:Advance Australia Fair23:. For other uses, see23257:Akrotiri and Dhekelia22878:Saint Kitts and Nevis22648:
22498:Akrotiri and Dhekelia22406:Dependent territories22283:Saint Kitts and Nevis21750:Saint Kitts and Nevis21535:Overseas collectivity20141:Territorial evolution19839:Powell, J.M. (1988).19759:. Oxford: Blackwell.19737:Further information:19092:Newton, John (2018).17660:censusdata.abs.gov.au17098:The Commonwealth Fund16790:Puls, Joshua (1998).16563:Ward, Rowena (2019).14946:"Legal - Legislation"14891:Australian Government14366:(1 April 1988): 3–8.14333:Capling, Ann (2013).14087:. 13 September 2016.13404:"Parliamentary terms"12054:Earth-Science Reviews11905:. World Wildlife Fund11879:. World Wildlife Fund11853:. World Wildlife Fund11793:. World Wildlife Fund11767:. World Wildlife Fund11741:. World Wildlife Fund11690:. World Wildlife Fund11634:. World Wildlife Fund11608:. World Wildlife Fund11582:. World Wildlife Fund11556:. World Wildlife Fund11530:. World Wildlife Fund10975:Dawson, Emma (2020).10553:Frank Crowley (1973)10487:Australian Government9272:Ward, Russel (1975).8528:on 12 September 2012.8307:. 23 September 2011.8305:Australian Geographic8160:. Australian Museum.7268:"Regional population"6009:Australia also has a5893:One Day International5812:
5695:
5676:Nine Entertainment Co5537:
5510:The Australian Ballet5452:
5418:, went on to win the5380:Australian literature5322:Emily Kame Kngwarreye5290:in Hobart, Tasmania,5285:
5266:Australian literature5219:Anglo-Celtic heritage5215:Indigenous traditions5200:
5130:
5048:spirit beings formed4995:Roman Catholic Church4979:Australian government4973:; section 116 of the4963:Roman Catholic Church4956:
4949:Religion in Australia4602:Between 1788 and the4597:
4079:South East Queensland3886:24th-largest importer3882:21st-largest exporter3820:second-highest amount3782:
3769:Further information:3737:Amnesty International3643:(domestic security).3597:Royal Australian Navy3587:, together known as "3585:Department of Defence3553:
3530:2003 invasion of Iraq3467:free trade agreements3424:
3361:Pacific Islands Forum3332:
3264:in each state is the3188:
3064:
2858:Politics of Australia2854:Australian Government2673:
2584:Mediterranean climate2558:
2419:Indo-Australian Plate2412:
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2242:
2171:
2014:unsuccessful attempts1969:
1888:new nation's identity1854:
1750:
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1310:, who are a distinct1287:
1270:Indigenous prehistory1050:Pacific Islands Forum905:sixth-largest country517:•Water(%)21:Australia (continent)23873:Countries in Oceania22158:Eswatini (Swaziland)21718:Realm of New Zealand21547:Realm of New Zealand20587:Cabinet of Australia20562:Government ministers20330:World Heritage Sites20136:European exploration20057:of Tourism Australia19946:More spoken articles19811:Kemp, David (2018).19651:Jupp, James (2001).19355:ABC News (Australia)19258:on 14 September 200919237:23 June 2008 at the18830:8 March 2014 at the18595:"Opera in Australia"17842:Teo & White 200317771:Teo & White 200317690:theaustralian.com.au17459:"A literacy deficit"16925:on 26 February 2011.16430:. 18 December 2019.16337:"Overseas Migration"16176:"Population: Census"15824:ABC News (Australia)15706:"Energy consumption"15609:World Economic Forum15531:World Economic Forum14386:"APEC and Australia"13792:. 14 December 2023.13206:. 14 December 2023.12898:"About the EPBC Act"12570:. 20 November 2014.12496:"About Biodiversity"11290:"Population Density"10708:on 19 September 201510578:Be just and fear not9808:Commonwealth Network9090:The Voyage of Torres9088:Brett Hilder (1980)8143:15 June 2022 at the7949:Macquarie Dictionary7708:12 June 2016 at the7600:Macquarie Dictionary6889:Geoscience Australia6436:Geoscience Australia6405:. 2009. p.18.6370:Macquarie Dictionary5981:Outline of Australia5907:a record six times.5895:(1971), and against5799:Sport and recreation5422:in 1973. Australian5270:Theatre of Australia5193:Culture of Australia4921:Torres Strait Creole3866:second-highest level3864:. Australia had the3806:. It is the world's3800:mixed-market economy3775:Tourism in Australia3765:Economy of Australia3741:asylum-seeker policy3439:trade liberalisation3281:Jervis Bay Territory3250:Legislative Assembly3141:merged in Queensland2971:written constitution2807:World Heritage Sites2768:Australian megafauna2694:tropical rainforests2560:Köppen climate types2551:Climate of Australia2438:Australian continent2405:Geology of Australia2303:Mitchell Grass Downs2287:Great Dividing Range2127:In 2020, during the2110:September 11 attacks1688:miners launched the1258:History of Australia936:religious traditions917:tropical rainforests889:Australian continent778:•Summer(534:•2024 estimate440:and creation of the176:-35.30806; 149.1244423815: / 22914:Trinidad and Tobago22791:Antigua and Barbuda22348:Trinidad and Tobago22098:Antigua and Barbuda21998:Trinidad and Tobago21648:Antigua and Barbuda21630:Commonwealth realms20659:Gross state product19604:). Text taken from18781:. Scarecrow Press.18623:on 12 November 200718367:on 27 February 201217588:. 21 January 2005.17562:on 11 November 200917465:. 22 September 201317421:on 24 November 201617229:on 18 February 201416943:on 19 February 201116897:on 8 February 2014.16543:on 20 December 200816241:on 19 February 200616223:. 11 February 2022.16057:on 24 February 200715935:10.34667/tind.4659615904:. 23 September 202115570:"Statistical Annex"15254:"Commonwealth debt"15209:. 21 February 2020.15001:Pew Research Center13928:Beck, Luke (2020).13903:Pyke, John (2020).13862:Pyke, John (2020).13807:Pyke, John (2020).13445:Evans, Tim (2006).13152:. 12 January 2024.13128:National Geographic12726:2004PNAS..10112387S12720:(33): 12387–12390.12663:on 11 February 201412432:on 27 February 201212193:2018NatSD...580214B12066:2005ESRv...69..249C12006:2010JGSoc.167..229H11815:Australia: The land11502:2006LUrbP..78..373S11435:"Highest Mountains"10687:, pp.5–7, 40210228:. 17 January 2024.10084:New Guinea Act 19209568:on 25 December 20059176:on 13 December 20178383:10.1038/nature182998375:2016Natur.538..207M7431:. 31 October 2011.7369:on 6 September 20157114:2021Gearc..36...92W7014:10.1038/nature229687006:2017Natur.547..306C6776:2011GondR..19..716K6373:. 16 October 2023.6079:Hakluytus Posthumus5912:four football codes5739:Australian meat pie5579:Australian New Wave5522:Cinema of Australia5455:Australian pub rock5310:Aboriginal rock art5207:World Heritage Site5151:national curriculum4959:St Mary's Cathedral4751:Sub-Saharan African4707:North-West European4085:to the south-west.3621:minister of defence3353:major non-NATO ally3258:Legislative Council3167:, being elected to3101:proportional system3093:preferential voting3078:electoral divisions2975:strong bicameralism2941:alongside a stable2568:Indian Ocean Dipole2458:last glacial period2393:Southwest Australia2377:Great Sandy, Tanami2311:Cape York Peninsula2124:by a large margin.1930:defeat in Singapore1764:On 1 January 1901,1709:forced assimilation1694:South Sea Islanders1532:Legislative Council1432:Cape York Peninsula1289:Aboriginal rock art1219:Hydrographic Office1074:major non-NATO ally1013:market economy and928:last glacial period909:megadiverse country455:Balfour Declaration167: / 22651:
20977:Australian studies20912:Australian English20721:Telecommunications20557:Government leaders20500:Political ideology19959:The World Factbook19801:Milne, John (1886)19517:. 21 December 201318660:on 4 February 201018181:The New York Times17859:www.britannica.com17761:, pp.796–80217742:Architect Magazine17611:on 4 February 201617517:on 19 January 201217415:CIA World Factbook17390:ABC News Australia16799:Federal Law Review16343:. 15 December 202316317:on 9 December 201816041:Hannaford, Peter.15490:"Country Rankings"15337:The World Factbook15055:Human Rights Watch14925:Human Rights Watch14530:. Lowy Institute.14287:. Lowy Institute.13540:on 14 October 201213260:The World Factbook13134:on 7 January 2022.13032:"2018 EPI Results"12846:"Invasive species"12689:on 15 January 201512502:on 5 February 200712090:Publishing: 395 p.11208:environment.gov.au11008:on 26 January 201210748:Federal Law Review10222:"The Anzac legend"10172:Reed, Liz (2004).9844:on 27 January 20249202:The Land Downunder9199:Egan, Ted (2003).8874:Aboriginal History7883:on 17 October 20097626:www.etymonline.com6926:on 13 January 20106467:The World Factbook5854:Commonwealth Games5827:
5805:Sport in Australia5700:
5688:Australian cuisine5554:
5538:Actor playing the5530:Media of Australia5467:
5306:
5278:Music of Australia5274:Dance in Australia5211:
5203:Sydney Opera House5143:
4967:
4882:General Australian4878:Australian English4675:highest proportion4600:
4122:lowest proportions4071:population density3996:startup ecosystems3976:net zero emissions3828:thirteenth-highest3808:fourteenth-largest3793:
3733:Human Rights Watch3613:commander-in-chief3577:
3435:
3337:
3223:Northern Territory3191:
3145:Northern Territory3082:double dissolution3073:
3052:Whitlam government2943:liberal democratic2732:Australian animals2720:Australian forests2686:
2666:Fungi of Australia2662:Flora of Australia2658:Fauna of Australia2637:Water restrictions2602:. The interior is2564:
2505:, metamorphic and2503:sedimentary basins2498:in the centre and2415:
2347:lies south of the2325:
2268:external territory2252:Great Barrier Reef2248:
2233:population density2174:
2095:Queen of Australia2018:Menzies Government1975:
1868:
1834:Territory of Papua1830:Northern Territory1762:
1581:
1553:Colonial expansion1547:frontier conflicts1444:Luís Vaz de Torres1418:
1351:fire-stick farming1328:Lake Mungo remains1304:Aboriginal peoples1297:
1242:Dorothea Mackellar1134:Australian English646:2024estimate594:2024estimate16:Country in Oceania23798:
23797:
23792:
23791:
23646:Dialogue partners23569:Wallis and Futuna23547:Associate members23405:
23404:
23401:
23400:
23397:
23396:
23379:
23378:
23375:
23374:
23022:
23021:
22602:
22601:
22588:
22587:
22445:Coral Sea Islands22383:Associated states22042:
22041:
21596:
21595:
21516:
21515:
21409:Wallis and Futuna21394:Clipperton Island21371:Coral Sea Islands21307:Associated states21291:
21290:
21227:Galápagos Islands21032:
21031:
20985:
20984:
20807:Human trafficking20744:
20743:
20626:
20625:
20426:Foreign relations20366:
20365:
20230:
20229:
20177:Asian Australians19974:Australia profile19965:Australia profile19954:Australia profile19915:
19905:
19871:978-0-340-72032-519863:978-0-340-72033-219849:978-0-521-25619-319824:978-0-5228-7334-419795:978-0-394-50668-519780:978-0-5218-8857-819765:978-0-631-17962-719751:978-0-6700-7871-419723:978-0-8684-0589-619704:978-0-1955-4901-019683:978-0-5218-0789-019662:978-0-5218-0789-019640:978-0-1955-3597-619627:Macintyre, Stuart19621:Davison, Graeme;19575:978-0-7146-8178-819547:978-1-317-96905-119339:, pp.479–8019323:978-0-7566-1083-819181:wineaustralia.com19162:978-1-7430-5094-119079:978-0-7818-0737-119027:on 26 March 2010.18856:. 13 October 200918787:978-0-8108-6347-718722:on 27 March 2011.18569:"Opera Australia"18508:Australia Council18348:978-1-7423-7706-318342:. p. back cover.18340:Allen & Unwin18323:978-0-5210-0956-018302:978-8-1902-2821-318256:978-0-19-284214-518203:978-90-5703-681-117844:, pp.125–2717773:, pp.118–2017447:. 9 October 2013.16975:on 29 August 201215944:978-92-805-3432-015058:. 11 January 202414921:World Report 202414775:978-1-925890-47-114663:978-1-74237-263-114412:"Australia:About"14344:978-0-5217-8525-914202:978-1-74237-263-113986:on 6 August 2008.13939:978-1-108-70103-713914:978-0-455-24415-013873:978-0-455-24415-013818:978-0-455-24415-013741:978-0-5228-6794-713685:978-1-4860-0138-513519:978-1-9256-0384-213419:978-0-642-78705-713287:, pp.287–8813263:(2024ed.).12606:978-1-4863-0013-612537:978-0-2264-6828-012156:on 26 August 200411946:978-1-9221-0343-711829:978-0-7787-9343-411720:978-1-8645-0187-211711:Outback Australia11474:978-0-5217-6741-511335:978-92-5-138262-211244:978-0-0913-0460-711214:on 4 January 201211116:on 23 April 2010.10986:978-0-5228-7721-210925:978-1-4728-2631-210817:978-0-5820-2127-310628:978-1-8766-3389-910601:978-0-8555-0352-910563:978-0-1700-5300-610525:978-1-76046-482-010401:978-1-8625-4870-110350:978-1-86448-039-910325:978-1-86448-039-910266:978-0-1955-1784-210210:978-0-521-62359-910183:978-1-9206-9419-710158:978-1-8510-9420-210015:978-1-9220-5700-69952:. 25 April 2020.9793:, pp.243–449742:Australian Museum9651:, pp.227–299612:"Early explorers"9601:, pp.138–399511:978-0-5216-9791-09437:978-1-8769-4411-79387:978-1-76087-142-09324:978-0-1400-9739-99285:978-0-7254-0164-19260:978-0-5218-8763-29212:978-0-9545-7260-09143:978-1-1350-8829-39118:978-1-9258-6822-79098:978-0-7022-1275-89048:978-0-3873-5263-39009:978-0-6422-7809-88853:978-1-107-01153-38803:978-0-6700-7871-48551:978-1-6106-9342-48470:978-9-0481-8891-88274:978-1-4939-0283-58235:978-1-3154-1888-98196:978-1-1084-7008-78100:978-1-7803-3753-18061:978-1-3517-5764-58022:978-1-4729-4327-97975:School, Head of;7915:978-0-9802-9362-37873:978-1-9214-4630-67860:Life in Australia7777:978-1-4191-6948-97610:978-1-876429-14-07500:978-0-6480189-3-37274:. 20 April 2023.7210:978-1-3510-2097-87180:978-1-76087-142-07122:10.1002/gea.218227079:978-1-1070-1153-37000:(7663): 306–310.6764:Gondwana Research6669:. 13 March 2024.6606:. 16 April 2024.6470:(2024ed.).6412:978-0-0078-6171-26352:Pronounced "Ozzy"6054:Time in Australia6015:God Save the King5905:Cricket World Cup5883:competed against5840:in Melbourne and5567:Australian cinema5495:Australia Council5453:Arising from the5338:Heidelberg School5242:Australian humour5080:developed nations5072:cigarette smoking4969:Australia has no4580:
4579:
4026:space exploration3909:ranked thirteenth3840:Australian dollar3804:natural resources3749:rights protection3726:charter of rights3722:Same-sex marriage3416:Reciprocal Access3369:ASEAN+6 mechanism3365:Pacific Community3319:Foreign relations3289:Coral Sea Islands3254:House of Assembly3207:Western Australia3157:Australian Greens3097:Hare-Clark system3028:King of Australia2991:, comprising the2953:governments. The2879:King of Australia2805:, and 16 natural2803:Ramsar Convention2592:humid subtropical2481:continental crust2219:, and longitudes2129:COVID-19 pandemic2035:As a result of a2006:Malayan Emergency1934:bombing of Darwin1857:Bombing of Darwin1842:German New Guinea1799:in 1920, and the1797:League of Nations1632:Western Australia1624:Swan River Colony1616:King George Sound1601:William Wentworth1585:Van Diemen's Land1543:Aboriginal groups1477:American colonies1436:Pennefather River1238:the Lucky Country1199:Lachlan Macquarie1086:Name of Australia1054:Pacific Community944:Dutch exploration922:The ancestors of879:, officially the874:
873:
748:Australian dollar707:medium inequality671:•Per capita619:•Per capita215:National language205:Official language110:
23890:
23830:
23829:
23827:
23826:
23825:
23820:
23816:
23813:
23812:
23811:
23808:
23508:Papua New Guinea23478:Marshall Islands23468:French Polynesia23432:
23425:
23418:
23409:
23408:
23340:Papua New Guinea23308:Marshall Islands23198:Christmas Island23033:
23032:
23029:
23013:Pitcairn Islands22843:Falkland Islands22739:
22738:
22735:
22730:
22729:
22669:
22668:
22658:
22657:
22647:
22629:
22622:
22615:
22606:
22605:
22565:Pitcairn Islands22535:Falkland Islands22435:Christmas Island22411:
22410:
22273:Papua New Guinea22088:Sovereign states22069:
22062:
22055:
22046:
22045:
22035:
22027:
21740:Papua New Guinea21623:
21616:
21609:
21600:
21599:
21445:Pitcairn Islands21399:French Polynesia21361:Christmas Island21344:
21343:
21299:
21164:Papua New Guinea21139:Marshall Islands21114:
21113:
21109:Sovereign states21072:
21065:
21058:
21049:
21048:
21036:
21035:
21012:
21005:
20998:
20874:Waste management20755:
20754:
20676:Household income20637:
20636:
20599:Governor-General20409:Electoral system20377:
20376:
20241:
20240:
20109:
20108:
20085:
20078:
20071:
20062:
20061:
20056:
20055:
20053:Official website20005:
20004:
19995:
19994:
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19894:
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19666:
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19558:
19552:
19551:
19533:
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19511:
19505:
19504:
19502:
19500:
19494:The Conversation19485:
19479:
19478:
19476:
19474:
19463:
19457:
19451:
19445:
19444:
19426:
19420:
19419:
19417:
19415:
19410:on 15 March 201019400:
19394:
19393:
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19389:
19374:
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19340:
19334:
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19274:
19268:
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19248:
19242:
19229:
19223:
19222:
19220:
19218:
19213:on 14 April 202119203:
19197:
19196:
19194:
19192:
19187:on 11 April 202019173:
19167:
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19148:
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19097:
19090:
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19017:
19011:
18998:
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18953:
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18946:
18944:
18942:
18927:
18921:
18920:
18918:
18916:
18902:
18896:
18895:
18893:
18891:
18886:on 24 April 201618872:
18866:
18865:
18863:
18861:
18846:
18835:
18822:
18816:
18815:
18813:
18811:
18796:
18790:
18775:
18769:
18768:
18766:
18764:
18758:
18752:. Archived from18739:
18730:
18724:
18723:
18708:
18702:
18701:
18699:
18697:
18691:
18685:. Archived from18684:
18676:
18670:
18669:
18667:
18665:
18656:. Archived from18639:
18633:
18632:
18630:
18628:
18609:
18603:
18602:
18601:on 6 April 2011.18591:
18585:
18584:
18582:
18580:
18565:
18559:
18558:
18556:
18554:
18549:on 14 March 201118548:
18541:
18533:
18527:
18526:
18524:
18522:
18516:
18505:
18497:
18491:
18490:
18478:
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18471:
18469:
18467:
18450:
18444:
18441:
18435:
18428:
18422:
18421:
18419:
18417:
18411:The Conversation18402:
18396:
18383:
18377:
18376:
18374:
18372:
18357:
18351:
18332:
18326:
18311:
18305:
18290:
18284:
18283:
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18238:
18237:
18235:
18233:
18219:
18206:
18191:
18185:
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18172:
18166:
18159:
18153:
18150:The Australasian18146:
18140:
18139:
18127:
18121:
18120:
18118:
18116:
18110:The Conversation18101:
18095:
18094:
18060:
18052:
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18026:
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17939:
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17893:
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17876:
17870:
17869:
17867:
17865:
17851:
17845:
17839:
17833:
17832:, pp.98–9917827:
17821:
17820:
17792:
17786:
17780:
17774:
17768:
17762:
17756:
17750:
17738:
17732:
17731:
17719:
17713:
17712:
17700:
17694:
17693:
17682:
17676:
17675:
17673:
17671:
17662:. Archived from17652:
17646:
17645:
17643:
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17627:
17621:
17620:
17618:
17616:
17600:
17594:
17593:
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17552:
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17533:
17527:
17526:
17524:
17522:
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17475:
17474:
17472:
17470:
17455:
17449:
17448:
17437:
17431:
17430:
17428:
17426:
17417:. Archived from17407:
17401:
17400:
17398:
17396:
17381:
17375:
17374:
17372:
17370:
17359:
17353:
17352:
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17348:
17337:
17331:
17330:
17319:
17313:
17312:
17301:
17295:
17294:
17292:
17290:
17285:on 21 March 201217281:. Archived from17271:
17265:
17264:
17262:
17260:
17245:
17239:
17238:
17236:
17234:
17219:
17213:
17212:
17210:
17208:
17202:The Conversation17193:
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17182:
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17162:
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17133:
17131:
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17109:
17107:
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17090:
17084:
17083:
17081:
17079:
17074:on 14 April 201017059:
17050:
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17045:
17031:
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17024:
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16780:
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16771:on 6 August 201116761:
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16670:
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16633:
16630:
16624:
16623:
16621:
16619:
16614:on 20 March 201116613:
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16597:
16591:
16590:
16584:
16560:
16554:
16552:
16550:
16548:
16539:. Archived from16525:
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16494:
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16420:
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16408:. 28 June 2022.16398:
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16327:
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16313:. Archived from16303:
16297:
16296:
16295:. 23 April 2021.16281:
16275:
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16268:
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16250:
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16164:. 27 March 2019.16150:
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16139:
16133:The Conversation16124:
16118:
16117:
16115:
16113:
16098:
16092:
16091:
16089:
16087:
16073:
16067:
16066:
16064:
16062:
16053:. Archived from16038:
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16031:
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16000:
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15982:
15976:
15975:
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15768:
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15750:
15748:
15742:
15736:. Archived from15735:
15727:
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15720:
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15691:
15677:
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15535:
15534:
15528:
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15510:
15509:
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15505:
15500:on 30 April 202015496:. Archived from15486:
15480:
15479:
15477:
15475:
15460:
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15435:
15429:
15428:
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14832:
14825:
14816:
14810:
14804:Defence Act 190314801:
14795:
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14767:
14759:
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14747:. 29 June 2022.14735:
14729:
14728:
14726:
14724:
14705:
14699:
14698:
14696:
14694:
14683:The Conversation14674:
14668:
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14627:The Conversation14618:
14612:
14611:
14609:
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14592:Washington, D.C.14583:
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14557:"Australian Aid"14553:
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14425:
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14399:
14397:
14392:on 21 April 202114382:
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13988:
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13976:
13970:
13969:
13967:
13965:
13960:on 4 August 200813950:
13944:
13943:
13925:
13919:
13918:
13900:
13894:
13884:
13878:
13877:
13859:
13853:
13852:
13850:
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13839:. 19 July 2022.13829:
13823:
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13720:
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13664:
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13660:
13651:. 30 July 2008.13641:
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13630:
13615:
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13370:
13369:
13367:
13365:
13354:"Senate Summary"13350:
13341:
13340:
13338:
13336:
13320:
13314:
13313:
13311:
13309:
13304:on 4 August 200813294:
13288:
13282:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13271:
13251:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13237:
13218:
13212:
13211:
13196:
13190:
13189:
13167:
13158:
13157:
13142:
13136:
13135:
13130:. Archived from13119:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13108:
13088:
13082:
13081:
13079:
13077:
13057:
13051:
13050:
13049:
13047:
13028:
13022:
13021:
13019:
13017:
12998:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12987:
12972:
12966:
12965:
12963:
12961:
12956:on 13 March 201112946:
12940:
12939:
12937:
12935:
12930:on 12 March 201112920:
12914:
12913:
12911:
12909:
12894:
12888:
12887:
12885:
12883:
12868:
12862:
12861:
12859:
12857:
12842:
12836:
12835:
12833:
12831:
12816:
12810:
12809:
12807:
12805:
12790:
12784:
12783:
12781:
12779:
12764:
12758:
12757:
12747:
12737:
12705:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12679:
12673:
12672:
12670:
12668:
12653:
12644:
12643:
12641:
12617:
12611:
12610:
12590:
12584:
12583:
12581:
12579:
12560:
12554:
12553:
12551:
12549:
12529:
12518:
12512:
12511:
12509:
12507:
12492:
12486:
12479:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12457:The Conversation12448:
12442:
12441:
12439:
12437:
12422:
12416:
12415:
12414:on 18 July 2020.12403:
12397:
12396:
12394:
12392:
12386:
12379:
12371:
12365:
12364:
12362:
12360:
12345:
12339:
12338:
12336:
12334:
12328:
12321:
12313:
12307:
12306:
12304:
12302:
12297:on 17 March 200912287:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12276:
12271:on 22 April 200712256:
12250:
12249:
12247:
12245:
12229:
12223:
12222:
12212:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12163:
12161:
12146:
12140:
12133:
12127:
12126:
12124:
12122:
12106:
12100:
12097:
12091:
12084:
12078:
12077:
12060:(3–4): 249–279.12045:
12039:
12032:
12026:
12025:
11989:
11983:
11982:
11954:
11948:
11934:
11928:
11921:
11915:
11914:
11912:
11910:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11884:
11869:
11863:
11862:
11860:
11858:
11843:
11834:
11833:
11809:
11803:
11802:
11800:
11798:
11783:
11777:
11776:
11774:
11772:
11757:
11751:
11750:
11748:
11746:
11731:
11725:
11724:
11706:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11695:
11680:
11674:
11673:
11671:
11669:
11664:on 13 March 201011650:
11644:
11643:
11641:
11639:
11624:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11613:
11598:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11587:
11572:
11566:
11565:
11563:
11561:
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11520:
11514:
11513:
11485:
11479:
11478:
11460:
11451:
11450:
11448:
11446:
11431:
11425:
11424:
11422:
11420:
11409:"Mount Augustus"11405:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11394:
11378:
11372:
11371:
11365:
11361:
11359:
11351:
11349:
11347:
11326:10.4060/cc8166en11312:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11286:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11275:
11270:on 17 March 200911260:
11249:
11248:
11230:
11224:
11223:
11221:
11219:
11200:
11194:
11193:
11192:on 20 June 2009.11182:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11171:
11156:
11150:
11148:
11146:
11144:
11129:
11123:
11121:
11117:
11106:
11100:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11079:
11073:
11043:
11041:
11039:
11024:
11018:
11017:
11015:
11013:
10997:
10991:
10990:
10972:
10966:
10965:
10963:
10961:
10955:
10944:
10936:
10930:
10929:
10911:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10900:
10881:
10875:
10874:
10858:
10852:
10851:
10849:
10847:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10801:
10795:
10794:
10792:
10790:
10784:
10745:
10736:
10730:
10724:
10718:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10694:
10688:
10682:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10671:
10660:The Conversation10651:
10645:
10644:
10642:
10640:
10612:
10606:
10605:
10581:
10571:
10565:
10551:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10540:
10534:
10513:
10504:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10493:
10473:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10462:
10457:on 1 August 200810456:
10449:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10430:
10412:
10406:
10405:
10385:
10379:
10373:
10367:
10366:, pp.22–2310361:
10355:
10354:
10336:
10330:
10329:
10308:
10302:
10301:
10299:
10297:
10277:
10271:
10270:
10248:
10242:
10241:
10239:
10237:
10218:
10212:
10194:
10188:
10187:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10142:
10136:
10135:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10109:
10094:
10088:
10080:
10074:
10073:
10067:
10065:
10050:UNSW Law Journal10041:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10027:
9999:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9972:
9966:
9965:
9963:
9961:
9942:
9936:
9928:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9917:
9902:
9896:
9890:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9879:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9840:. Archived from9830:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9800:
9794:
9788:
9782:
9775:
9769:
9768:
9753:
9747:
9746:
9732:
9726:
9725:
9713:
9707:
9700:
9694:
9693:
9677:
9671:
9658:
9652:
9646:
9640:
9639:, pp.35–369634:
9628:
9627:
9625:
9623:
9608:
9602:
9596:
9590:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9558:
9552:
9546:
9540:
9534:
9528:
9522:
9516:
9515:
9499:
9489:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9478:
9458:
9452:
9446:
9440:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9370:
9361:
9360:
9359:on 18 June 2004.9355:. Archived from9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9336:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9269:
9263:
9248:
9242:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9127:
9121:
9112:Woodslane Press9106:
9100:
9086:
9080:
9074:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9032:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9021:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8976:
8970:. Archived from8953:
8944:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8933:
8927:
8916:
8907:
8901:
8900:
8890:
8864:
8858:
8857:
8839:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8812:
8806:
8795:
8789:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8764:The Conversation8755:
8749:
8746:
8740:
8737:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8698:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8676:The Conversation8667:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8656:
8645:The Conversation8636:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8625:
8614:The Conversation8605:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8583:The Conversation8574:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8535:
8529:
8524:. Archived from8512:
8506:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8394:
8358:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8347:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8286:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8169:
8153:
8147:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8006:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7945:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7899:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7876:. Archived from7865:
7854:
7848:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7815:
7809:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7761:
7755:
7752:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7722:
7716:
7700:
7694:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7657:The Conversation7648:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7618:
7612:
7602:, Fourth Edition7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7570:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7545:
7534:
7526:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7509:
7492:
7484:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7459:Global Australia7451:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7410:
7404:
7393:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7355:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7264:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7194:
7185:
7184:
7163:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7093:
7084:
7083:
7071:
7061:
7052:
7051:
7025:
6988:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6971:
6965:
6959:. Archived from6952:
6943:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6922:. Archived from6911:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6865:on 13 March 20206861:. Archived from6859:australia.gov.au6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6759:
6753:
6747:
6741:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6697:"Dates and time"6692:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6675:
6664:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6634:www.ceicdata.com6626:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6592:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6559:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6525:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6492:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6438:. 27 June 2014.6428:
6417:
6416:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6366:
6359:
6353:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6332:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6232:
6215:
6212:
6200:
6197:
6191:
6184:
6178:
6168:
6162:
6159:
6153:
6143:
6137:
6118:
6112:
6104:
6098:
6073:", published by6063:
6057:
6050:
6041:
6038:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6007:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5961:
5959:Australia portal5956:
5955:
5954:
5793:beer consumption5672:News Corporation5602:Crocodile Dundee5442:and philosopher5436:Richard Flanagan5426:winners include5404:Waltzing Matilda5358:Albert Namatjira5346:Margaret Preston5238:Australian slang5111:general practice5003:Second World War4739:South-East Asian4735:North-East Asian4725:(including 6.5%4715:Eastern European4660:multiculturalism4604:Second World War4162:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4128:
4127:
4019:polymer banknote3874:Its house prices3789:financial centre3672:natural disaster3617:governor-general3427:Anthony Albanese3373:East Asia Summit3313:Lord Howe Island3309:Macquarie Island3165:Anthony Albanese3107:for each state.3089:electoral system3066:Parliament House3032:governor-general2912:Anthony Albanese2908:
2898:Governor-General2889:
2870:
2750:, including the2535:Seismic activity2486:
2276:Mount McClintock2260:Mount Kosciuszko2137:SARS-CoV-2 virus2076:
2073:
2070:
2047:(referred to as1992:A member of the1971:Postwar migrants1789:settler colonies1756:, a painting by1690:Eureka Rebellion1593:Gregory Blaxland1591:), and in 1813,1343:spiritual values1335:hunter-gatherers1322:rock shelter in1191:Matthew Flinders1184:
1178:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1011:highly developed952:British colonies891:, the island of824:
820:
816:
791:
770:AWST, ACST, AEST767:
734:
733:
727:
726:
720:
709:
708:
702:
701:
695:
679:
678:
660:
659:
643:
627:
626:
608:
607:
591:
561:
560:
543:27,380,500 (542:
541:
460:15 November 1926367:Anthony Albanese347:
345:Governor-General183:
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
134:
128:
123:
112:
111:
78:
64:
47:
46:
23900:
23899:
23893:
23892:
23891:
23889:
23888:
23887:
23833:
23832:
23823:
23821:
23817:
23814:
23809:
23806:
23804:
23802:
23801:
23799:
23794:
23793:
23788:
23778:
23757:
23641:
23594:
23573:
23542:
23523:Solomon Islands23441:
23436:
23406:
23393:
23371:
23350:Solomon Islands23267:
23237:
23183:
23165:
23044:
23027:
23018:
22981:
22937:
22770:
22750:
22733:
22724:
22703:
22663:
22652:
22638:
22633:
22603:
22598:
22584:
22484:
22474:Ross Dependency22459:
22400:
22377:
22318:Solomon Islands22090:
22082:
22073:
22043:
22038:
22030:
22025:
22017:
21809:
21780:Solomon Islands21636:
21627:
21597:
21592:
21530:Overseas France21512:
21449:
21431:
21413:
21380:
21340:
21335:
21325:
21309:
21300:
21287:
21259:Southwest Papua21193:
21174:Solomon Islands21103:
21085:
21076:
21041:
21033:
21028:
21015:
21008:
21001:
20994:
20981:
20942:Public holidays20883:
20827:Life expectancy20740:
20622:
20573:
20362:
20334:
20320:Protected areas20226:
20165:
20098:
20089:
20051:
20050:
20002:
19992:
19950:
19949:
19938:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19920:
19911:
19901:
19896:
19890:
19889:
19888:(2parts,19887:
19884:
19881:
19876:
19825:
19741:
19735:
19733:Further reading19730:
19724:
19705:
19684:
19663:
19641:
19616:
19610:, FAO, FAO.19589:
19584:
19583:
19576:
19559:
19555:
19548:
19534:
19530:
19520:
19518:
19513:
19512:
19508:
19498:
19496:
19486:
19482:
19472:
19470:
19465:
19464:
19460:
19452:
19448:
19441:
19427:
19423:
19413:
19411:
19402:
19401:
19397:
19387:
19385:
19384:on 26 July 201419376:
19375:
19371:
19361:
19359:
19348:
19347:
19343:
19335:
19331:
19324:
19301:
19297:
19287:
19285:
19276:
19275:
19271:
19261:
19259:
19250:
19249:
19245:
19239:Wayback Machine19230:
19226:
19216:
19214:
19205:
19204:
19200:
19190:
19188:
19175:
19174:
19170:
19163:
19149:
19145:
19135:
19133:
19129:The Independent19122:
19121:
19117:
19104:
19100:
19091:
19087:
19080:
19066:
19062:
19052:
19050:
19037:
19036:
19032:
19019:
19018:
19014:
18999:
18995:
18980:
18976:
18966:
18964:
18955:
18954:
18950:
18940:
18938:
18928:
18924:
18914:
18912:
18904:
18903:
18899:
18889:
18887:
18874:
18873:
18869:
18859:
18857:
18848:
18847:
18838:
18832:Wayback Machine18823:
18819:
18809:
18807:
18797:
18793:
18776:
18772:
18762:
18760:
18759:on 3 March 201618756:
18737:
18731:
18727:
18710:
18709:
18705:
18695:
18693:
18689:
18682:
18678:
18677:
18673:
18663:
18661:
18640:
18636:
18626:
18624:
18613:Brandis, George18610:
18606:
18593:
18592:
18588:
18578:
18576:
18575:on 23 July 200818567:
18566:
18562:
18552:
18550:
18546:
18539:
18535:
18534:
18530:
18520:
18518:
18514:
18503:
18499:
18498:
18494:
18479:
18475:
18465:
18463:
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17855:"Cultural life"17853:
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17745:(August 2007),17739:
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17666:on 20 June 201817654:
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17491:. 12 April 202117483:
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17126:on 29 June 201317120:"Medicare levy"17118:
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16841:. 7 April 2022.16833:
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16273:. 30 June 2019.16266:
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16182:. 28 June 2022.16174:
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15878:. 12 April 202215870:
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15798:. 5 August 202315790:
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15030:. 28 March 202315020:
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14285:The Interpreter14277:
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14210:
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14139:East Asia Forum14131:
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14038:Antarctic claim14035:
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13762:. 22 May 2022.13754:
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13363:
13361:
13352:
13351:
13344:
13334:
13332:
13331:on 26 July 201013321:
13317:
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13054:
13045:
13043:
13042:on 23 July 201913030:
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12803:
12801:
12792:
12791:
12787:
12777:
12775:
12774:on 2 April 201012766:
12765:
12761:
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12265:The Independent12257:
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12181:Scientific Data12173:
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12159:
12157:
12148:
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12134:
12130:
12120:
12118:
12117:on 6 March 201012107:
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11197:
11184:
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11179:
11169:
11167:
11166:on 10 July 200711158:
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11126:
11119:
11108:
11107:
11103:
11092:
11090:
11081:
11080:
11076:
11037:
11035:
11034:on 14 July 200811026:
11025:
11021:
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10994:
10987:
10973:
10969:
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10274:
10267:
10251:Dennis, Peter;10249:
10245:
10235:
10233:
10220:
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10215:
10195:
10191:
10184:
10170:
10166:
10159:
10143:
10139:
10130:. 2 June 2021.10122:
10121:
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10105:
10096:
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10081:
10077:
10063:
10061:
10042:
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10023:
10016:
10000:
9996:
9986:
9984:
9983:on 2 April 20109973:
9969:
9959:
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9944:
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9929:
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9915:
9913:
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9903:
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9891:
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9831:
9827:
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9815:
9802:
9801:
9797:
9789:
9785:
9776:
9772:
9763:. 2 June 2021.9755:
9754:
9750:
9733:
9729:
9714:
9710:
9701:
9697:
9678:
9674:
9668:Wayback Machine9659:
9655:
9647:
9643:
9635:
9631:
9621:
9619:
9618:on 8 April 20119610:
9609:
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9232:
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9103:
9087:
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9068:
9058:
9056:
9049:
9033:
9029:
9019:
9017:
9010:
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8977:on 6 March 20198974:
8951:
8945:
8941:
8931:
8929:
8925:
8914:
8908:
8904:
8865:
8861:
8854:
8840:
8836:
8826:
8824:
8823:on 10 July 20088813:
8809:
8796:
8792:
8787:
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8773:
8771:
8756:
8752:
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8602:
8592:
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8559:
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8532:
8521:Cosmos Magazine8513:
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8503:Wayback Machine8494:
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8145:Wayback Machine8135:Wayback Machine8124:
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7832:
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7817:
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7812:
7808:G. and W. Nicol7801:
7797:
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21775:
21771:
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21519:
21509:
21506:
21504:
21501:
21499:
21496:
21494:
21491:
21489:
21486:
21484:
21483:Jarvis Island21481:
21479:
21476:
21474:
21471:
21469:
21466:
21464:
21461:
21460:
21458:
21456:
21455:United States21452:
21446:
21443:
21442:
21440:
21438:
21434:
21428:
21425:
21424:
21422:
21420:
21416:
21410:
21407:
21405:
21404:New Caledonia21402:
21400:
21397:
21395:
21392:
21391:
21389:
21387:
21383:
21377:
21374:
21372:
21369:
21367:
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21333:
21328:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21313:
21311:
21308:
21303:
21298:
21282:
21281:Palmyra Atoll21279:
21277:
21274:
21273:
21272:
21271:United States21269:
21265:
21262:
21260:
21257:
21255:
21252:
21250:
21247:
21245:
21242:
21240:
21239:Central Papua21237:
21236:
21235:
21232:
21228:
21225:
21224:
21223:
21220:
21216:
21213:
21211:
21210:Easter Island21208:
21207:
21206:
21203:
21202:
21200:
21196:
21190:
21187:
21185:
21182:
21180:
21177:
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21167:
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21127:
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21110:
21106:
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21097:
21095:
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21073:
21068:
21066:
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21059:
21054:
21053:
21050:
21044:
21037:
21025:
21022:
21020:
21017:
21016:
21011:
21007:
21004:
21000:
20997:
20993:
20992:
20988:
20978:
20975:
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20965:
20963:
20960:
20958:
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20938:
20935:
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20925:
20923:
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20908:
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20903:
20900:
20898:
20895:
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20886:
20880:
20877:
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20872:
20870:
20867:
20865:
20862:
20860:
20857:
20855:
20852:
20848:
20845:
20843:
20842:Ethnic groups20840:
20838:
20835:
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20820:
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20815:
20813:
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20778:
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20773:
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20709:
20707:
20704:
20702:
20699:
20697:
20694:
20692:
20689:
20687:
20684:
20682:
20681:Manufacturing20679:
20677:
20674:
20670:
20667:
20666:
20665:
20662:
20660:
20657:
20655:
20652:
20650:
20647:
20645:
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20638:
20635:
20633:
20629:
20617:
20614:
20613:
20612:
20609:
20605:
20602:
20601:
20600:
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20590:
20589:
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20576:
20570:
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20563:
20560:
20558:
20555:
20554:
20553:
20550:
20548:
20545:
20541:
20538:
20536:
20535:Republicanism20533:
20531:
20528:
20526:
20523:
20521:
20518:
20516:
20513:
20511:
20508:
20506:
20503:
20502:
20501:
20498:
20496:
20493:
20491:
20490:National debt20488:
20486:
20483:
20481:
20478:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20464:
20461:
20460:
20459:
20456:
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20407:
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20233:
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20218:
20215:
20213:
20210:
20208:
20205:
20203:
20200:
20198:
20195:
20193:
20190:
20188:
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20180:
20178:
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20127:
20124:
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20107:
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20032:
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20027:
20025:
20022:
20021:
20020:
20019:
20013:
20012:OpenStreetMap20009:
20000:
19998:
19990:
19988:
19984:
19981:
19979:
19975:
19972:
19970:
19966:
19963:
19961:
19960:
19955:
19952:
19951:
19947:
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19909:
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19898:
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19868:
19864:
19860:
19856:
19852:
19850:
19846:
19842:
19838:
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19826:
19820:
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19809:
19806:
19802:
19799:
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19784:
19781:
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19769:
19766:
19762:
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19725:
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19710:
19706:
19700:
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19642:
19636:
19632:
19628:
19624:
19619:
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19611:
19609:
19608:
19603:
19599:
19594:
19577:
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19567:
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19549:
19543:
19539:
19532:
19516:
19510:
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19491:
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19440:978067007288019436:
19432:
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19325:
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19304:Oxlade, Chris19299:
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18826:
18821:
18806:
18802:
18795:
18788:
18784:
18780:
18774:
18755:
18751:
18747:
18744:(29): 24–29.18743:
18736:
18729:
18721:
18717:
18713:
18707:
18688:
18681:
18675:
18659:
18655:
18651:
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18299:
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17952:
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17772:
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17755:
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17737:
17729:
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17718:
17710:
17709:MacroBusiness17706:
17699:
17691:
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17665:
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17280:
17279:det.wa.edu.au17276:
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17115:
17100:. 5 June 202017099:
17095:
17089:
17073:
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17022:
17016:
17001:on 7 May 201017000:
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16663:
16659:
16653:
16645:
16638:
16629:
16610:
16603:
16596:
16589:
16583:
16578:
16575:(1/2): 83–4.16574:
16570:
16566:
16559:
16542:
16538:
16534:
16530:
16524:
16516:
16515:
16510:
16504:
16488:
16484:
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15987:
15981:
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15919:
15903:
15902:Startup Daily15899:
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15877:
15873:
15867:
15851:
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15797:
15793:
15787:
15772:
15765:
15758:
15739:
15732:
15726:
15711:
15710:energy.gov.au15707:
15701:
15686:
15685:energy.gov.au15682:
15676:
15661:
15660:energy.gov.au15657:
15651:
15636:
15635:energy.gov.au15632:
15626:
15610:
15603:
15597:
15588:
15583:
15579:
15575:
15571:
15565:
15563:
15546:
15540:
15532:
15525:
15521:
15520:Schwab, Klaus15515:
15499:
15495:
15491:
15485:
15470:
15466:
15459:
15444:
15440:
15434:
15419:
15415:
15408:
15393:
15389:
15383:
15368:
15364:
15358:
15343:
15339:
15338:
15333:
15327:
15312:
15311:
15306:
15299:
15284:
15280:
15274:
15259:
15255:
15252:Dossor, Rob.15248:
15241:
15229:
15222:
15216:
15208:
15204:
15198:
15190:
15184:
15168:
15164:
15158:
15143:
15136:
15129:
15114:
15113:Credit Suisse15107:
15101:
15086:
15085:
15080:
15073:
15057:
15056:
15051:
15045:
15029:
15028:
15023:
15017:
15002:
14998:
14992:
14976:
14972:
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14926:
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14912:
14896:
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14882:
14876:
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14840:
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14809:
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14781:
14777:
14771:
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14758:
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14090:
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14060:
14056:
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14033:
14024:
14008:
14004:
14000:
13993:
13985:
13981:
13975:
13959:
13955:
13949:
13941:
13935:
13931:
13924:
13916:
13910:
13906:
13899:
13892:
13888:
13883:
13875:
13869:
13865:
13858:
13842:
13838:
13834:
13828:
13820:
13814:
13810:
13803:
13795:
13791:
13787:
13781:
13765:
13761:
13757:
13751:
13743:
13737:
13733:
13726:
13710:
13706:
13702:
13695:
13687:
13681:
13677:
13670:
13654:
13650:
13646:
13640:
13624:
13620:
13614:
13598:
13594:
13588:
13579:
13574:
13570:
13566:
13562:
13555:
13539:
13535:
13529:
13521:
13515:
13511:
13504:
13488:
13484:
13480:
13474:
13455:
13448:
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